tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20801354826119630332024-03-21T17:17:28.556-07:00Silvia Stagg Justice For The PeopleConstitutional Theory, Case Law, and Files Containing Legal Research, and Opinion, The 2008 House Ethics Manual. Silvia Stagghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17500761053983344662noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2080135482611963033.post-72617794850378795822021-02-12T09:32:00.051-08:002021-05-04T11:47:43.121-07:00Silvia Stagg Justice For The People<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><h1 style="text-align: center;"></h1><h1 style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400; text-align: left;"><br /></h1></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><h1 style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3t-lRv2M1Zd6DJ1dRIVVPrWWDz-8MoNYOohUTj8lCf01C3PmT_M2OI3pH4kAyu6cJA-5FYmTof_6IjKfEnS8JXigKEaqORyGljzFfZa7cIFrmgAhdVoodvQX_3b2o0AlL5e2CSld7nRkm/" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="431" data-original-width="650" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3t-lRv2M1Zd6DJ1dRIVVPrWWDz-8MoNYOohUTj8lCf01C3PmT_M2OI3pH4kAyu6cJA-5FYmTof_6IjKfEnS8JXigKEaqORyGljzFfZa7cIFrmgAhdVoodvQX_3b2o0AlL5e2CSld7nRkm/s16000/image.png" /></a></div></h1><h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></h1><h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><strong style="font-size: xx-large;">S</strong><strong style="font-size: xx-large;">ilvia Stagg REP Presidential </strong><strong style="font-size: xx-large;">WRI - IND Candidate </strong><strong style="font-size: xx-large;">For US President 2012 - 2048!</strong></h1><h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times;"></span></h1><h1 style="text-align: left;"><div style="font-size: x-large; text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></span><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span>This Post Is Dedicated to The Truth,</span> the US </b><b>Constitution, Constitutional Theory, </b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Case Law, Research, and </b><b>Legal Opinion, with PDF Files For Viewers! - Silvia Stagg</b></div></span></h1><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><p style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;"><span>WE THE PEOPLE, of the United States of America, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution...(Preamble of t</span>he US Constitution) ALL men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness...(US Declaration of Independence) I Pledge Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which its stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with Liberty and Justice For all...(Pledge of Allegiance)</span></div><div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia, serif;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></span></div></span></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><h1 style="text-align: center;"><br /></h1><div><span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center;"><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><br /></strong></span></div><h1><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;">WELCOME TO MY WEBSITES!</span></h1><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><i><br /></i></strong></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><span>Former President George W. Bush US CENSUS</span> </strong></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><br /></strong></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: xx-large; text-align: justify;"><b><a href="https://docs.google.com/open?id=1oR3u6YRvrQKdrmtMsJ_AJE8DFjgg7HrISkVLwtrSW1asu3y4zi2yyQGhaFuT" rel="noopener" style="font-size: xx-large; text-align: justify;" target="_blank">p25-1130uscensus.gov.pdf »</a></b></span></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: xx-large; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: xx-large; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> <strong> </strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><span><em>I am a National Security Victim Witness, and US Presidential Candidate, due to being the only Good Gnome DNA Candidate and the only Candidate to Install Your Natural Rights Life Extension Healings To Save and Empower The White European Christian Race Worldwide historically and heinously systematically denied their 'Natural Right Life Span' of 120 years endowed by our Creator! Infrastructure is Linked to Life Span and it Increases Lifespan at this magnitude for any Race. However, our Washington D.C. Government has been Playing God and Is Importing-Exporting Crime-Terrorism-War or Warlike Circumstances worldwide which has been methodically and insidiously destroying our Race Generation by Generation, deciding who meets and marries, and who shall be allowed to have children, and what Identity, Intelligence, Memory, Talent, Skills, Resourcefulness, Personality Including What Sexual Identity, our Children shall have, and what health problems, and length of lifespan our children shall have, and so forth to our ruination while flooding our country with Racist Indigenous Minorities who are being upgraded genetically with our White European DNA to compete and replace us as we are being genetically degraded and DENIED Our Natural Rights, DENIED OUR Constitutional Rights, Natural Rights, Civil, and Human Rights as a Race of People who Infrastructure the World. Thereby, taking over all White European Christian Race Countries by Artificially changing the Demographics of the United States of America, and our countries worldwide </em></span></strong><strong><span><em>(especially since AUG 31-1997 to date) </em></span></strong><strong><span><em>to prevent our Race from Sufficient Procreation which would protect White Race Franchisement the only way the Common Man and the Masses can ASSERT themselves to attempt to obtain appropriate Legislative Representation by Government, which if had, would help save the White Race from further Emasculation, and Disenfranchisement resulting in the current process of White European Race Extinction or White European Christian Race Extinction which is what we are experiencing today! No one need fear Most Trusted Programs, as it offers something for everyone and ends, homelessness, indigence, and illiteracy, immediately worldwide by bestowing infrastructure and moneys in larges sums to EVERYONE according to their legal status, and circumstances as Crime Victims of Anarchy Oppression! With advanced technology, I as US President bring back your loved ones per their legal status!</em></span></strong></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><br /></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><br /></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><br /></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>Since August 4-2011 to date,, I am filed with the FEC/Federal Election Commission and the US Office of Government Ethics as your only Life Extension - Most Trusted Programs Candidate accepted by the Republican National Party as their US Presidential Candidate as a Matter of National Security! </em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><br /></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><br /></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>The term Most Trusted was a name given to me by the United States Department of Justice Attorney General John Ashcroft and FBI/Federal Bureau of Investigation Director Robert Mueller after investigating myself, my handwriting, and content analysis of my submission (along with my brain tap - time clock) to the US Dept. of Justice. A designation I am proud of, you can be sure!</em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><br /></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><br /></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><br /></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>While working on my victim witness case, for nearly two years, I became a Church Choir Member and Church Reader for the Catholic Church and Episcopal Church located in Niagara Falls-New York. While I was a Choir Member, I was again Baptized Catholic and Confirmed as a Catholic at Holy Family's Churches: Lady of Mount Carmel and Saint Joseph on April-3-2010. Upon relocating to Miami Florida, per the instructions of Senator Marco Rubio, pledging to place me into the Witness Protection Program, I attempted completion of college. Though hunted, at MDC/Miami Dade College and FIU/Florida International University studying IT and Journalism-Photojournalism.</em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><br /></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><br /></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><strong>Being a member of the well known Benitez-Rexach family of Puerto Rico, I was born in Brooklyn New York (Kings County) on July 27-1957. I am one quarter German, Polish, Puerto Rican/Spanish and French. For one year each, I lived in Puerto Rico and Mexico as a child. </strong><strong>For Five years I was married to the son of a former Consulate General-Charge D'Affairs to Manhattan-New York City from Panama, Juan Antonio Stagg. My mother, 'Marion Haag' graduated Valedictorian from St. Anne's Parochial High School and unlike her brother completed two years of Business College and became a Businesswoman who owned a garment factory in China Town-Manhattan-New York. During the late 1960s, after selling her Garment Factory, my mother was later employed for one year by the FDA/Food and Drug Administration in Washington-DC, while my step-father was a US Secret Service Agent at the White House for Lyndon Baines Johnson.</strong></em></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><strong>My uncle, mother's brother, Edward Haag, graduated with honors from Princeton University-New Jersey and retired from the lifelong position of Post Master from the US Postal Services Cherry Hill-New Jersey, and his first daughter followed in his footsteps graduating from Princeton University with Honors! In 1992, before realizing I was a National Security Victim Witness, I continued developing my Photography-Art Studio, advertising in a fair amount of publications, including Forbes Magazine 2/1993. My business closed down January 1995, forcing me to dedicate myself to fighting against the injustices of Black Ops Technology abuses!</strong></em></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><span><em><span><strong><em><br /></em></strong></span></em></span></strong></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span><em><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></span></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span><em><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></span></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span><em><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><em>Please, help me to save our endangered world and our precious and endangered White Christian European Descent Race now facing Race Extinction within One Hundred Years by making me your US President! Do whatever you can to assist me in accessing the Ballot in every County in all Fifty States of these United States of America as your Presidential Candidate. </em></strong></span></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span><em><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></span></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span><em><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></span></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span><em><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></span></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span><em><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><em>Kindly Contact The National Committee GOP Chair in Washington D.C. and GOP State Party Chairs-Vice Chairs in all Fifty States, and SOS - Elections Division Directors and Sign-Notarize Petitions For Registered Voter Signature and Electors For Silvia Stagg to be granted Access to Each and Every State Ballot for Primaries - Caucuses as well as the Presidential General Election! Proceeding as a WRI Candidate has limitations during times of extreme corruption and Anarchy!</em></strong></span></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span><em><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></span></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span><em><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></span></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span><em><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></span></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span><em><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><em>Lastly, assist me, to obtain Increased Donations and eventually Voters to allow me to survive and rise to the White House as President a most difficult task, but possible nonetheless. Then I will be able to can proceed as an Independent Candidate with a better choice for a Vice Presidential Candidate to win the White House!</em></strong></span></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><br /></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em><br /></em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>Silvia Stagg</em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>Silvia Stagg For President Campaign Committee</em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>Silvia Stagg Is A Good Gnome Individual -</em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>National Security Victim Witness</em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>Republican -WRI - IND </em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>US Presidential Candidate</em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>Filed FEC/Federal Election Commission </em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>US Office of Government Ethics, and US Congress</em></span></strong></div><div class="clearfix photoRedesign" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;" style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>since August 4-2011</em></span></strong></div></div></span></span></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b>_________________________________________</b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><b>SILVIA STAGG Cited in WIKIMEDIA Article <span style="color: white;">Listing 2020 Female Presidential - Vice Presidential Cites Silvia Stagg Ballot Accessed TEN States And Silvia Stagg Cited In 2020 Ballotpedia with Photo! PDF File</span></b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/129812s57jT6dkHu91mZniF7IWPP0xZgF/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><span style="color: white;"><b>https://drive.google.com/file/d/129812s57jT6dkHu91mZniF7IWPP0xZgF/view?usp=sharing</b></span><br /></a></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"></span></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b>_________________________________________</b></span></p><p><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b> US Constitution From National Constitution Center </b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">(Note Silvia Stagg's Correction of 4TH Amendment Apparent Error In Reprinting: "Papers, and personal effects...' not just "effects")</span></b></p><p><b><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_Bqql_hA9aceHVHNmZaZGVnT28/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_Bqql_hA9aceHVHNmZaZGVnT28/view?usp=sharing</a></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><b>_______________________________________________________</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white;"><b style="font-size: x-large;">First Amendment Handbook - 7TH Edition </b><b style="font-size: x-large;">by The Reporters Committee for Freedom Of The Press</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_Bqql_hA9acLXdoRHd6UTJzalk/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_Bqql_hA9acLXdoRHd6UTJzalk/view?usp=sharing</a></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">_________________________________________</span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><b>The United States Constitution </b></span><b style="color: white;">Analysis and Interpretation </b><b style="color: white;">by the Congressional Research Service</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cy-4sSOefmJpxOmgTUM50U5cjt3NKT_s/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cy-4sSOefmJpxOmgTUM50U5cjt3NKT_s/view?usp=sharing</a></b></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b>_________________________________________</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><b>Property of a Nation - </b></span><b style="color: white;">Democracy and The Memory of </b><b style="color: white;">George Washington </b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uytdbBhO1p7QCu4jJksKxqFBW71pDJdp/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uytdbBhO1p7QCu4jJksKxqFBW71pDJdp/view?usp=sharing</a></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b>_____________________________</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b> 2008 House Ethics Manual</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_Bqql_hA9acZnVpczkxaVBOUlE/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_Bqql_hA9acZnVpczkxaVBOUlE/view?usp=sharing</a></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="color: red; font-size: xxx-large; font-weight: bold;"><div dir="ltr" style="color: black; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><div dir="ltr" style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: red;"><div style="color: black; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: red;">_____________________________________________________</span></b></div><div style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><div dir="ltr"><span style="color: red;"><div style="color: black;"><b style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: x-large;">_____________________________________________________</b></div><div style="color: black;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;">_____________________________________________________</span></b></div></span></div></div></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: black; font-size: medium;"></div></span></div></div><div style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span><div><p style="color: white; font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><div> </div><div><p> </p></div></div><div style="font-size: x-large;"><div style="color: white;"><div><a href="https://twitter.com/ForeignPolicy/status/509383250935308289/photo/1" style="color: #999999;"><img alt="Embedded image permalink" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BxGxXhpIAAAfcuY.jpg" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 850px;" /></a><span style="color: black;"></span><div><div></div></div></div><div> </div></div><div><span style="color: white;"> </span></div></div><div style="font-size: x-large;"><div></div></div><span><div style="font-size: x-large;"><div><div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="font-size: xxx-large;"><div dir="ltr" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-size: large;"><div dir="ltr" style="font-size: medium;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span><div style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold;"> </span></div></span></b></div></span></div></div></span></div></div></div><div><b><span style="color: white;">Please Help Silvia Stagg End Bolveshik </span></b></div><div><b><span style="color: white;">Inspired War/Separatism</span></b></div></span></div></span><p><span><span face="arial, sans-serif"><b><span style="color: white;"> Between Russia/Ukraine</span></b></span></span></p><p><span><span face="arial, sans-serif"><b><span style="color: white;">Please Read 4.28.2021 Letter From Silvia Stagg </span></b></span></span></p><p><span><span face="arial, sans-serif"><b><span style="color: white;">To House Rep Jeff Fortenberry and Senator Rick Scott</span></b></span></span></p><p><span face="arial, sans-serif" style="color: white;">Below: PDF File of Letter To/From Congress/Silvia Stagg</span></p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1p0PF_m3I6FMKv-OHnwYGbdo51kRoGSo3/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><span style="color: white;">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1p0PF_m3I6FMKv-OHnwYGbdo51kRoGSo3/view?usp=sharing</span></a></b></p></span></div></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: red; font-family: georgia;">_____________________________________________________</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="color: red; font-size: xxx-large;"><div><div dir="ltr" style="color: black; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><div dir="ltr" style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: red;"><div style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><div dir="ltr"><span style="color: red;"><div style="color: black;"><b style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">_____________________________________________________</span></b></div><div style="color: black;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: georgia;">_____________________________________________________</span></b></div><div><b style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></b></div></span></div></div></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;"></div></span></div></div><div style="font-family: times;"><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia,serif;"><div style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"></div></span></span></div></b></div>Silvia Stagghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17500761053983344662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2080135482611963033.post-68407372018148600792012-08-20T12:32:00.015-07:002021-02-16T10:36:12.465-08:00August 16-2012 - Ecuador Grants Julian Assange Political Asylum!<div id="intro"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-424mEES_UFQ/YCwPiP2HwZI/AAAAAAAADpA/RpXOcUXWLCgElEE6uznsCxW9qoscNgx2QCNcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="438" data-original-width="780" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-424mEES_UFQ/YCwPiP2HwZI/AAAAAAAADpA/RpXOcUXWLCgElEE6uznsCxW9qoscNgx2QCNcBGAsYHQ/s16000/image.png" /></a></div><br /><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>On August 18-2012 (Saturday) Julian Assange Stood On The Balcony </b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>of the Ecuadorian Embassy and spoke before the media...</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>On August 16-2012, Julian Assange was granted Political Asylum by Ecuador!</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<div class="quote" id="quote-sommaire" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">"We seem to have [in Sweden] a strange attitude to freedom. We incarcerate people on very wobbly grounds. I think it's about a fundamental attitude towards freedom of movement, something that's more deeply rooted in a country like the UK." <span class="quote-out">Björn Hurtig </span></span></div>
<div class="grid_10" id="main"><div style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/About.html"><span style="font-size: large;">About </span></a><span style="font-size: large;">this site.</span></div>
<h3 class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">16 AUGUST 2012: Ecuador has granted Political Asylum</span></h3>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Assange is currently under the protection of the Ecuadorean embassy. The Ecuadorean government has found that Mr. Assange has justified in his application and through additional material that he has a well-founded fear of political persecution, and risks torture or the death penalty in the United States in connection with the publication of truthful information of matters of interest to the public through his work with WikiLeaks.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Please Watch: </span><a class="spip_out" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yu4WCskniEc" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Sex, Lies and Julian Assange</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">, a documentary by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s 4 Corners (July 2012)</span></div></span>
<br />
_______________________________________</div><div class="grid_10" id="main"><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><a class="spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.org/Statement-on-UK-threat-to-storm.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">WikiLeaks Statement on UK threat to storm Ecuadorian embassy and arrest Julian Assange</span></a></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></div><div class="grid_10" id="main"><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">- Thursday 16th August, 3:00am UTC</span></strong></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Spanish Translation below:</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Declaración sobre la amenaza del Reino Unido de asaltar la embajada ecuatoriana para arrestar a Julian Assange - jueves 16 de agosto 2012 - 03:00 UTC</span></strong></div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<i><div style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">En un comunicado en la mañana de ayer el Reino Unido amenazó con entrar fozosamente en la embajada ecuatoriana en Londres y con arrestar a Julian Assange en su interior.</span></i></div></i><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">El Reino Unido dice tener la autoridad de llevar a cabo tal acción bajo la Ley de los Locales Diplomáticos y Consulares de 1987.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Su afirmación no tiene fundamento.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">A medianoche, dos horas antes de publicarse esta declaración, la embajada estaba rodead </span><span style="font-size: large;">a de policía, en una aparatosa demostración de fuerza.</span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Cualquier transgresión contra la inviolabilidad de la embajada es un acto unilateral y vergonzoso, además de una violación contra la Convención de Viena que protege las embajadas de todo el mundo.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Esta amenaza está pensada para evitar la inminente decisión sobre si Ecuador concede o no el asilo político a Julian Assange, y para intentar coaccionar a Ecuador para que éste tome una decisión aceptable para el Reino Unido y a sus aliados.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">WikiLeaks condena absolutamente este intento de intimidación del Reino Unido.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Una amenaza de esta naturaleza es un acto hostil y extremo, que no es proporcional a las circunstancias, y es un asalto sin precedentes hacia todas aquellas personas que solicitan refugio en todo el mundo.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Llamamos la atención al hecho que la Asamblea General de la ONU ha declarado de forma unánime en la Resolución 2312 (1967):</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">"la concesión del asilo... es un acto pacífico y humanitario y que, como tal, no puede ser considerado inamistoso por ningún otro Estado"</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">En conformidad con esta resolución, la decisión de conceder o no el asilo no puede interpretarse por otro estado como un acto inamistoso. Tampoco puede haber consecuencias diplomáticas por el hecho de otorgar un asilo.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Recordamos que estas acciones extraordinarias están siendo tomadas con tal de detener a un hombre a pesar de que no hayan cargos en su contra en ningún país.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">WikiLeaks se une al Gobierno de Ecuador e insta al Reino Unido que resuelva esta situación según las normas de conducta pacíficas.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Instamos también al Gobierno del Reino Unido que actúe con compostura, y considere las graves repercusiones de cualquier violación de las normas elementales del derecho international.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Pedimos que el Reino Unido respete el derecho soberano de Ecuador de pronunciar una decisión soberana acerca de la solicitud de asilo político de Julian Assange.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Tomamos nota de que Ecuador ha convocado Reuniones Extraordinariass en la OEA y UNASUR en respuesta a estos acontecimientos, WikiLeaks pide a estas instituciones que apoyen los derechos de Ecuador en esta cuestión, y que rechacen cualquier intento de coacción.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Observamos con interés que estos acontecimientos coinciden con los extraordinarios poderes ejecutivos del Primer Secretario del Estado William Hague, mientras el Primer Ministro y su número dos están de vacaciones.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">El Ministerio bajo la dirección de Hague, el Foreign and Commonwealth Office, ha sido el encargado de las negociaciones con Ecuador acerca de la solicitud de asilo político de Julian Assange hasta la fecha.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Si el Señor Hague ha aprobado esta decisión, lo cual es de esperarse, Wikileaks demanda su inmediata dimisión.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Documental australiano sobre la situación de Julian Assange: </span><a class="spip_url spip_out" href="http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stor..." rel="nofollow external"><span style="font-size: large;">http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stor...</span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Friends of WikiLeaks Support Network/Red de Apoyo a WikiLeaks: </span><a class="spip_url spip_out" href="https://wlfriends.org/" rel="nofollow external"><span style="font-size: large;">https://wlfriends.org</span></a></div></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Justice for Assange/Justicia para Assange: </span><a class="spip_url spip_out" href="http://justice4assange.com/" rel="nofollow"><span style="font-size: large;">http://justice4assange.com</span></a><br />
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Silvia Stagghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17500761053983344662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2080135482611963033.post-49572050305719898982012-03-25T13:41:00.002-07:002021-02-12T10:00:09.236-08:00Justice For Julian Assange - High Court Ruling<h2 style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 15px 0px 5px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px 3px 5px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: x-large; letter-spacing: 0px;">HIGH COURT(S)RULING (S) </span></h2>
<h2 style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 15px 0px 5px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px 3px 5px; vertical-align: baseline;">JULIAN ASSANGE</h2>
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<span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span> </h2>
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<a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/" title=""><span style="font-size: large;">Justice for Assange</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
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<li><a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/SW-JA.html"><span style="font-size: large;">2010-08-14 SW / JA</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/AA-Party.html"><span style="font-size: large;">2010-08-14/15 AA Party</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Party-End.html"><span style="font-size: large;">2010-08-14/15 Party End</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/February-Hearing,49.html"><span style="font-size: large;">2011-02-07/08/11 February Hearing</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/High-Court-Appeal.html"><span style="font-size: large;">2011-07-12/13 High Court Appeal</span></a></li>
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Supreme Court Appeal</h2>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Breaking News 14 June 2012 14:15:</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Supreme Court has rejected Julian Assange’s </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.slideshare.net/swedenversusassange/120612-appellants-application-to-re-open-judgment-12612" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">12 June application to reopen the case</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">. </span></h3>
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">In the </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.slideshare.net/swedenversusassange/120612-appellants-application-to-re-open-judgment-12612" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">submission</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">:</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">"...the right of each party to be informed of any point adverse to him that is going to be relied upon by the judge and to be given an opportunity of stating what his answer to it is...one of the most fundamental rules of natural justice...". - Hadmor Productions Ltd v Hamilton, cited in Assange </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.slideshare.net/swedenversusassange/120612-appellants-application-to-re-open-judgment-12612" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">submission to reopen Supreme Court Appeal</span></a></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: large;">This is the Appellant’s application for that judgment to be set aside, and the appeal reopened, on the ground that the decision of the majority was reached on a basis which was not argued before the Supreme Court, and on which the Appellant was accordingly not given a fair opportunity to be heard.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" width="8" /> The application includes a request that the Supreme Court corrects the false statement that #Assange "stands charged" in Sweden. The correction sought is of particular importance to the Appellant because this false statement was subsequently reported by the international press.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" width="8" /> The points being made as to the applicability of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) are serious issues in international law. The submission includes a contribution from Prof. James Crawford, an expert in International Law. Prof. Crawford’s contribution has been key in the submission.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><strong>"It is notable that, following the hearing, the Court on three occasions wrote to the parties seeking further written submissions on points which the Court was considering including in its judgment, but which had not been argued before it,including elements of the Parliamentary process, and the applicability of Pupino. The applicability and effect of Article 31(3)(b) of the VCLT was not raised even at that stage. It is of particular note that the issues upon which the parties were afforded the opportunity to make subsequent written submissions were ultimately determined against the Respondent. The Respondent thus was afforded an opportunity to make submissions upon new issues which were adverse to the Respondent’s interest. By contrast, the Appellant was afforded no opportunity to make submissions upon the single issue, arising post-hearing, that was to be decided adversely to him, and determinatively so." </strong>(</span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.slideshare.net/swedenversusassange/120612-appellants-application-to-re-open-judgment-12612" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Para 20, Submission to reopen Supreme Court appeal, 12 June 2012</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">)</span></div>
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<strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0px 4px;"><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/swedenversusassange/120612-appellants-application-to-re-open-judgment-12612" title="120612 appellant's application to re open judgment 12.6.12"><span style="font-size: large;">120612 appellant's application to re open judgment 12.6.12</span></a></strong><strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0px 4px;"></strong><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">View more </span><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"><span style="font-size: large;">documents</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> from </span><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/swedenversusassange"><span style="font-size: large;">swedenversusassange</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Contents</span></strong></div>
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<li><a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Supreme-Court-Appeal,65.html#JUDG"><span style="font-size: large;">Judgment</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Supreme-Court-Appeal,65.html#NEWS"><span style="font-size: large;">News</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Supreme-Court-Appeal,65.html#SCAS"><span style="font-size: large;">Document Submissions to the UK Supreme Court by Appellant, Respondent and External Intervention </span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Supreme-Court-Appeal,65.html#SCBP"><span style="font-size: large;">Supreme Court Appeal: the big picture</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Supreme-Court-Appeal,65.html#BSCA"><span style="font-size: large;">Background to the Supreme Court Appeal</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Supreme-Court-Appeal,65.html#ASC"><span style="font-size: large;">Application to the Supreme Court</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"></span></li>
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<span style="font-size: large;">The Swedish prosecutor is not a judge, nor does she possess or exercise any judicial function (Bell, Judiciaries within Europe, 2006), </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.scribd.com/swedenversusassange/d/80032795-Assange-Appellant-Submission-to-Supreme-Court#embed_options" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">cited in the submission by the appellant para 23</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">.</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="JUDG"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></a><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Summary of the judgment</span></h3>
<a class="spip_out" href="http://www.supremecourt.gov.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2011_0264_Judgment.pdf" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Download the full judgment</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">View the Supreme Court’s </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.supremecourt.gov.uk/news/julian-assange-v-swedish-judicial-authority-judgment.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">further statement</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">, following Dinah Rose QC’s request for an application to reopen the appeal.</span><br />
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<a class="spip_out" href="http://wlcentral.org/node/2628" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Transcript of judgment by WLCentral</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> and </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://wlcentral.org/node/2631" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">further WLCentral Resources</span></a><br />
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<i><span style="font-size: large;">Source: UK Supreme Court</span></i><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Assange (Appellant) v The Swedish Prosecution Authority (Respondent) [2012] UKSC 22</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">On appeal from [2012] EWHC Admin 2849 JUSTICES: Lord Phillips (President), Lord Walker, Lady Hale, Lord Brown, Lord Mance, Lord Kerr, Lord Dyson</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">BACKGROUND TO THE APPEALS The appellant, Mr Assange, is the subject of a request for extradition by the Swedish Prosecuting Authority for the purposes of an investigation into alleged offences of sexual molestation and rape.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Mr Assange is in England. A domestic detention order was made by the Stockholm District Court in Mr Assange’s absence, and was upheld by the Svea Court of Appeal. A prosecutor in Sweden thereafter issued a European Arrest Warrant (’EAW’) on 2 December 2010 pursuant to the arrangements put in place by the Council of the European Union in the Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on the EAW and the surrender procedures between Member States (2002/584/JHA)(’the Framework Decision’), which were given effect in the United Kingdom in Part 1 of the Extradition Act 2003 (’the 2003 Act’).</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Mr Assange challenged the validity of the EAW on the ground (amongst others) that it had been issued by a public prosecutor who was not a ’judicial authority’ as required by article 6 of the Framework Decision and by sections 2(2) and 66 of the 2003 Act. Sweden had designated prosecutors as the sole competent authority authorised to issue EAWs in accordance with article 6(3) of the Framework Decision. Mr Assange contended that a judicial authority must be impartial and independent both of the executive and of the parties. Prosecutors were parties in the criminal process and could not therefore fall within the meaning of the term. If, contrary to this argument, prosecutors could issue EAWs under the Framework Decision, then he still submitted that they fell outside the definition in the 2003 Act, as it was clear that Parliament had intended to restrict the power to issue EAWs to a judge or court. His challenge failed before the Senior District Judge at the extradition hearing and on appeal before the Divisional Court. The Supreme Court granted permission to bring an appeal on this ground as the issue was one of general public importance.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">JUDGMENT The Supreme Court by a majority of 5 to 2 (Lady Hale and Lord Mance dissenting) dismisses the appeal and holds that an EAW issued by a public prosecutor is a valid Part 1 warrant issued by a judicial authority within the meaning of section 2(2) and 66 of the 2003 Act.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">REASONS FOR THE JUDGMENT</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">References in square brackets are to paragraphs in the judgment</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Article 34 (2)(b) of the Treaty on European Union provides that framework decisions are binding on member states as to the result tobe achieved but that national authorities may choose the form and method of achieving this. For the reasons given by Lord Mance in his judgment [208-217] the Supreme Court is not bound as a matter of European law to interpret Part 1 of the 2003 Act in a manner which accords with the Framework Decision, but the majority held that the court should do so in this case. The immediate objective of the Framework Decision was to create a single system for achieving the surrender of those accused or convicted of serious criminal offences and this required a uniform interpretation of the phrase ’judicial authority’ [10][113]. There was a strong domestic presumption in favour of interpreting a statute in a way which did not place the United Kingdom in breach of its international obligations [122] An earlier draft of the Framework Decision would have put the question in this appeal beyond doubt, because it stated expressly that a prosecutor was a judicial authority. That statement had been removed in the final version. In considering the background to this change, the majority concluded that the intention had not been to restrict the meaning of judicial authority to a judge. They relied, as an aid to interpretation, on the subsequent practice in the application of the treaty which established the agreement of the parties. Some 11 member states had designated public prosecutors as the competent judicial authority authorised to issue EAWs. Subsequent reviews of the working of the EAW submitted to the European Council reported on the issue of the EAWs by prosecutors without adverse comment and on occasion with express approval [70] [92][95][114-119][160-170]. Lord Phillips felt that this conclusion was supported by a number of additional reasons: (1) that the intention to make a radical change to restrict the power to issue EAWs to a judge would have been made express [61], (2) that the significant safeguard against the improper use of EAWs lay in the preceding process of the issue of the domestic warrant which formed the basis for the EAW [62], (3) that the reason for the change was rather to widen the scope to cover some existing procedures in member states which did not involve judges or prosecutors [65] and that the draft referred to ’competent judicial authority’ which envisaged different types of judicial authority involved in the process of executing the warrant [66]. Lord Dyson preferred not to infer the reasons for the change [128] and did not find the additional reasons persuasive [155-159]. Lord Walker and Lord Brown also found these reasons less compelling [92][95]. Lord Kerr relied on the fact that public prosecutors in many of the member states had traditionally issued arrest warrants to secure extradition and a substantial adjustment to administrative practices would have been required [104].</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Parliamentary material relating to the debates before the enactment of the 2003 Act were held by the majority to be inadmissible as an aid to construction under the rule in Pepper v Hart [1993] AC 593, given the need to ensure that the phrase ’judicial authority’ had the same meaning as it had in the Framework Decision [12] [92][98]. Lord Kerr remarked that that it would be astonishing if Parliament had intended radically to limit the new arrangements (thereby debarring extradition from a number of member states) by use of precisely the same term as that employed in the Framework Decision [115][161].</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Lord Mance, dissenting, held that the common law presumption that Parliament intends to give effect to the UK’s international obligations was always subject to the will of Parliament as expressed in the language of the statute [217]. In this case, the correct interpretation of ’judicial authority’ in the Framework Decision, a question of EU law, was far from certain [244]. Thus if Parliament had intended to restrict the power to issue EAWs to judges or courts, that would not have required a deliberate intention to legislate inconsistently with the Framework Decision. As the words in the statute were ambiguous, it was appropriate to have regard to ministerial statements, and those statements showed that repeated assurances were given that an issuing judicial authority would have to be a court, judge or magistrate [261]. Lady Hale agreed with Lord Mance that the meaning of the Framework Decision was unclear and that the Supreme Court should not construe a UK statute contrary both to its natural meaning and to the evidence of what Parliament thought it was doing at the time [191].</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Source: </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.supremecourt.gov.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2011_0264_PressSummary.pdf" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">UK Supreme Court</span></a><br />
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="NEWS"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></a><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Other News</span></h3>
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<li><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.svd.se/nyheter/utrikes/fallet-assange-svarlost-juridik_6864409.svd" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Implications of Assange Case Problematic for Sweden’s Legal System</span></a></li>
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<li><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.news24.com/SciTech/News/UK-Supreme-Court-goes-tweeting-20120205" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">UK Supreme Court to tweet Assange judgement</span></a></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: large;">Barbara Gunnell, The Unintended Consequences of the Assange Hearing’, ABC The Drum, </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/3814812.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">7 February 2012</span></a></li>
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<li><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/01/31/geoffrey-robertson-assange-s-appeal-rests-on-judicial-authority.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Timely interview with Geoffrey Robertson QC</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> in Daily Beast, 31 january 2012.</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: large;">Esther Addley in the Guardian </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/jan/30/julian-assange-extradition-wikileaks?INTCMP=SRCH" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Julian Assange’s extradition battle enters final round</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">, 30 January 2012 (note: Julian Knowles, Q.C. who is interviewed in this article shares his physical office space with Claire Montgomery, the lawyer for the Swedish prosecution).</span></li>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="SCAS"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></a><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Submission to the UK Supreme Court for the Appellant Julian Assange</span></strong><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Sweden does not follow the so called "investigating judge model", and <strong>Swedish public prosecutors have very strong powers</strong> compared with the situation existing in other Member States: They may decide on any kind of measures during investigations, including <strong>coercive measures</strong>... e.g. phone surveillance, or detention. (European Commission Evaluation Report on Sweden, Doc 99227/2/08 REV 2. October 2008, para 2.1., cited in the </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.scribd.com/swedenversusassange/d/80032795-Assange-Appellant-Submission-to-Supreme-Court#embed_options" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">submission by the Appellant to the Supreme Court, paragraph 24</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">)</span></div>
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<a class="spip_in" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/About.html"><span style="font-size: x-large;">About </span></a><span style="font-size: x-large;">this site.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Read the latest from the </span><a class="spip_in" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Supreme-Court-Appeal,65.html"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Supreme Court Appeal</span></a><span style="font-size: x-large;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">NEWS</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">June 2012</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Supreme Court has found against Assange 5-2. The court has allowed a window to reopen the case based on a fair trial objection by Rose QC. Read the </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Supreme-Court-Appeal.html"><span style="font-size: x-large;">summary of the Judgment and more</span></a><span style="font-size: x-large;">.</span></h3>
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<a class="screen-name url" data-screen-name="carlbildt" href="https://twitter.com/carlbildt"><span class="avatar"><img alt="" class="photo" src="https://si0.twimg.com/profile_images/1159100136/image_normal.jpg" /></span> <span class="fn">Carl Bildt</span> </a><iframe allowtransparency="allowtransparency" class="twt-follow-button" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets/follow_button.html?align=right&button=grey&screen_name=carlbildt&show_count=false&show_screen_name=false&lang=en"></iframe><span style="font-size: large;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="nickname">@<b>carlbildt</b></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">We will warmly welcome Secretary Clinton to Stockholm next Sunday. First bilateral visit to Sweden by a US SecState for a very long time.</span></div>
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<a class="view-details" href="https://twitter.com/carlbildt/statuses/206306344553287680"><span class="updated" title="26 May 2012, 8:50:40 AM (UTC)"><span class="value-title" title="2012-05-26T08:50:40+0000"></span><span style="font-size: x-large;">26 May 12 </span></span></a></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">The Swedish Foreign Minister announced Secretary Hillary Clinton’s</span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">"first visit [in] </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">a very long time" four days after the judgment.</span></strong></div>
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<a class="spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.org/Stratfor-Emails-US-Has-Issued.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The United States has issued a sealed indictment for Assange</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Stratfor e-mails have revealed that a sealed indictment has been issued by a secret grand jury in Alexandria, Virginia, for Julian Assange. The </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/375123_fw-ct-assange-manning-link-not-key-to-wikileaks-case-.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: x-large;">email</span></a><span style="font-size: x-large;"> is dated 26 January 2011. This means that there has likely been a sealed extradition order for over a year, which will be activated (unsealed) against Assange in Sweden, Australia and the UK when the US Government gives the order.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The US Centre for Constitutional Rights (CCR) has </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://ccrjustice.org/newsroom/press-releases/ccr-condemns-reported-sealed-indictment-against-wikileaks-founder-julian-assange" rel="external"><span style="font-size: x-large;">issued a statement</span></a><span style="font-size: x-large;">.</span></div>
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<a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Supreme-Court-Appeal,65.html"><span style="font-size: large;">What is the status of the extradition case?</span></a></div>
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<i>5 December 2011</i>: The High Court has found that Sweden’s EAW against Julian Assange raises a point of law of general public interest, and grants Julian Assange the opportunity to apply for a<a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Supreme-Court-Appeal,65.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Supreme Court Appeal</a> appeal on this basis. The panel of 3 judges at the Supreme Court will decide on whether they want to hear his case on 19 December 2011.</div>
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<i>22 November 2011</i>: Brita Sundberg-Weitman, expert witness at the Magistrate’s Court and former Court of Appeal judge in Sweden publishes <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.newsmill.se/artikel/2011/11/20/svaga-resonemang-i-domen-om-verl-mnandet-av-assange" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Weak Arguments in the Judgment on the Handing over of Julian Assange</a> - in Swedish</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">15 November 2011:</strong> Julian Assange’s team have raised the following points of law as grounds to appeal to the Supreme Court:</div>
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<i>1) Whether a European Arrest Warrant issued by a partisan prosecutor working for the executive (i.e. not an independent judge or investigating magistrate in the civil law system) is a valid Part 1 Warrant issued by a "judicial authority" within the meaning of sections 2(2) & 66 of the Extradition Act 2003?</i></div>
<i></i><br />
<ul class="spip" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; margin: 10px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This point argues that the decision goes against parliamentary intent when enacting the 2003 Extradition Act:</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">To have a warrant accepted and acted upon in the UK, <i>the 2003 Act mandates that it must on its face have been issued by a "judicial authority"</i> and not by a politician or policeman or prosecutor or lay person or intelligence officer or any other partisan state functionary to whom local law may give competency. (See para 6.17 of the appellant’s submission at the July appeal, p. 70 below).</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The 2003 Act could have provided that ’A Part 1 warrant is an arrest warrant which is issued by an authority of a category 1 territory notified to the secretariat under Article 6(3) of the Framework Decision’. It did not. Instead, the 2003 Act purposely preserved the ability of the UK, as executing member state, to determine whether a Part 1 warrant is issued by suitably independent - judicial - body (albeit premised upon the - now erroneous - assumption that other EU member states understood that ’judicial’ meant ’judicial’). The 2003 Act is abundantly clear. Section 2(2) requires a Part 1 warrant issued by a judicial authority, irrespective of whether a state has chosen to make an executive or other non-judicial body competent to issue an EAW and has notified it to the secretariat under Article 6(3) of the Framework Decision. (Para 6.16 of the appellant’s argument, p. 69 below).</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In any event, the Framework Decision [the EU decision that established the European Arrest Warrant] is not part of UK law. While a few member states have adopted the Framework Decision verbatim, others have implemented it in different ways in their domestic legislation. The UK parliament deliberately chose to implement the Framework decision indirectly by a statute that deviated from a number of its provisions and, whilst it may be used for background purposes in cases where the UK statute is imprecise or ambiguous, it cannot be used to circumvent or override the plain language of the statute. (Para 6.13 of the appellant’s argument, p. 68-9 below.)</li>
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<i>2) Whether a person in respect of whom no decision to prosecute has been taken can be said to be ’accused’ within the meaning of sections 2(3)(a) of the Extradition Act 2003?</i></div>
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Julian Assange’s legal team have applied to the High Court for leave to appeal two points of law of general importance at the Supreme Court. The same High Court judges who dismissed Julian Assange’s case at the High Court will decide whether or not to certify these points, which must be of public importance and go beyond the specific facts of this case. They will decide this in open court, at the <a class="spip_out" href="http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?client=safari&rls=en&q=royal+court+of+justice+london+google+map&oe=UTF-8&redir_esc=&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x487604b4c150694b:0xa048493d28ec3793,Royal+Courts+Of+Justice,+Strand,+London&gl=uk&ei=BaLCTpbfJISv8QPUtZ2yBA&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&ct=title&resnum=1&ved=0CBgQ8gEwAA" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Royal Courts of Justice</a> on <i>5 December 2011</i>. A decision is expected the same day. If JA loses, he will be extradited to Sweden within 10 days and placed into Swedish custody.</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2 November 2011:</strong> The High Court has delivered the judgment and found against Julian Assange. Download the <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/Resources/JCO/Documents/Judgments/assange-judgment.pdf" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">judgment</a> and a <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/Resources/JCO/Documents/Judgments/assange-summary.pdf" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">summary for the media</a>.</div>
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<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/71282275/Assange-High-Court-Judgement-2-November-2011" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; color: #ae855c; display: block; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 12px auto 6px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="View Assange High Court Judgement 2 November 2011 on Scribd">Assange High Court Judgement 2 November 2011</a><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.707514450867052" data-auto-height="true" data-auto-resized="true" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_51260" scrolling="no" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/71282275/content?start_page=1&view_mode=list&access_key=key-3kjm4nnobxiqui81yzw" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; height: 972px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="100%"></iframe></div>
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<i>Previous news:</i></div>
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<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">UK Home Office publishes independent review of UK Extradition agreements (18 October 2011). <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/police/operational-policing/extradition-review?view=Binary" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The EAW section is relevant to the Assange appeal</a></li>
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<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">John Pilger <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/global-issues/2011/10/pilger-assange-media-guardian" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Smearing of a revolution"</a> in the New Statesman (6 October 2011)</li>
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<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jennifer Robinson and Lizzie O’Shea <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.altlj.org/news-and-views/opinion/152-sleepwalking-into-dangerous-territory" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Sleepwalking into Dangerous Territory"</a> in the Alternative Law Journal (6 October 2011).</li>
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Appeal hearing: 12 and 13 July 2011</h3>
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This page contains:</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> A narrative summary of the hearing - <strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">new!</strong></div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> Skeleton arguments for both Julian Assange and the the Swedish Prosecutor - available below in full - <strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">new!</strong></div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> Summary of the appellant’s skeleton argument.</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> The judgment of the appeal hearing (as soon as it is delivered!).</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> Go to the Press tab (top of the page) for the press review of the appeal.</div>
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<iframe frameborder="0" height="330" scrolling="no" src="http://eplayer.clipsyndicate.com/cs_api/iframe?pl_id=8178&page_count=1&windows=1&va_id=2655574&show_title=0&rwpid=8989&auto_next=0&auto_start=0" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="425"></iframe></div>
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Summary of the hearing</h3>
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Below is the report from one of SvA’s contributors who was present at the hearing.</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Appeal Hearing</strong></div>
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Judges: Thomas LJ and Ouseley.</div>
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Appellant (Julian Assange): Gareth Peirce, Ben Emmerson QC, and Mark Summers.</div>
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Respondent (for the Swedish prosecution): Claire Montgomery QC, Aaron Watkins and Hannah</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">To note:</strong></div>
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In the appeal, Counsel for Julian Assange (appellant) successfully drew attention to:</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> The discrepancy between the EAW and the statement by the complainants written by the police;</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> The fact that the complainants did not go to the police to press charges but to inquire about ways to compel Julian Assange to get tested for STDs after they both discovered they had slept with him;</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> That SW had felt railroaded by the police and others around her when a criminal investigation started;</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> That AA did not feel she had been subjected to abuse and had no intention of reporting the events (she had gone to the police station to accompany SW).</div>
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Emmerson QC managed to frame the discussion around the two women’s statements, which showed clear consent. This forced Montgomery QC to go beyond the wording of the EAW and concede that the women had had consensual sex, although she later argued that they did not do so ’freely without coercion’ (the discussion centred around the wording ’let him continue’).</div>
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The Court summarised the arguments as follows:</div>
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1. The EAW had not been issued by a "judicial authority".</div>
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2. Offences 1-3 described in the EAW (set out at paragraph four offences: above) did not meet the dual criminality test (a principle of extradition that a person should only be extradited where the conduct is not only an offence under the law of the State requesting extradition, but also under the law of the State from which the person’s extradition is sought). None of the descriptions of the offences was a fair and accurate description of the conduct alleged. As regards offence 4, the conduct, if fairly and accurately described, would not have amounted to the offence of rape.</div>
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3. The condition in s.2(3) of the 2003 Act had not been satisfied as Mr Assange was not an "accused".</div>
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4. The issue of the EAW and subsequent proceedings were not proportionate.</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Challenge 1: Misrepresentation in the EAW</strong></div>
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The first challenge to the validity of the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) was based on the grounds that the allegations on the arrest warrant did not reflect the description of the events as narrated in the complainants’ statements (on which the EAW is based).</div>
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Emmerson QC and Mark Summers for Julian Assange argued that the EAW is not a fair, proper and accurate description of the conduct alleged (a requirement under the Castillo case, in which Lord Justice Thomas was one of the judges).</div>
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Emmerson QC contrasted the statements by the two complainants with the EAW’s description of the conduct. From the statements there was no indication of lack of consent, or of a reasonable belief of lack of consent on the part of Julian Assange - which are the necessary elements to criminality in sexual offences under English law. The EAW on the other hand made references to violence and mens rea (’acting in a manner designed to violate her sexual integrity’), which cannot be inferred from the original complaint.</div>
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According to Montgomery QC for the Swedish prosecutor, the original complaint indicated that the women did not ’freely’ consent - and that therefore the complaint is an accurate representation and would satisfy the double criminality test.</div>
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With reference to the ’rape’ allegation, the judges will have to determine if, as Montgomery QC argued, an alleged moment of lack of consent (as a result of not being fully awake) is sufficient to constitute ’rape’ despite the fact that consent was present immediately before and immediately after the moment of penetration. Emmerson QC argued that this reasoning of isolating a moment in which consent was presumed and designate it as rape - especially when consent was given immediately afterwards was ’crazy’.</div>
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If the courts find that the original complaint does not match the description of the allegations in the EAW, it allows the judges to apply the double criminality test to all four of the alleged crimes (including ’rape’). Montgomery, QC for the Swedish prosecution argued that it is not possible to ’untick’ the ’rape’ box in the EAW - this is the nature of the instrument. The judges will have to consider the applicability of the Castillo case to this case. They will also have to consider the greater implications of considering extraneous materials in EAW proceedings (i.e. the statements of the two women as narrated by the interrogating officer) given that this will only apply to some European countries and not others: Sweden has disclosed part of the material of the prosecution, but other EU countries may not disclose such information at any stage of the investigation (a consequence of having different systems of criminal procedure across the EU). The judges will also have to consider the implications for the definition of consent under English law if they do find that the original statements give rise to double criminality.</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Challenge 2: Invalid Purpose of the EAW</strong></div>
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The EAW has been issued for the purposes of questioning and not prosecution, which is contrary to the wording of the UK’s Extradition Act. It was established that Julian Assange had not been charged. If the judges find in favour of Julian Assange’s arguments, Submission 2 alone would invalidate the entire EAW.</div>
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Mark Summers, for Julian Assange, argued the Swedish prosecutor had acted disproportionately, because she had not availed herself of Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA), the standard inter-EU manner to conduct trans-state interviews in any criminal investigation. Summers argued that the judge had erred in February in finding that Julian Assange was ’accused’ rather than suspected, given that the judge had failed to objectively find a point in the investigation which could be said to mark the threshold from ’suspect’ to ’accused’ (the Ismael test). Montgomery QC argued that applying the Ismael test (i.e. English procedural standards) to European civil law jurisdictions to determine whether the threshold of ’accusation’ has been crossed is inappropriate. Montgomery QC’s argued that the judges must take a cosmopolitan approach even if technically, Julian Assange was not accused. Montgomery QC argued that the judges must follow the Asztaslos case, which discouraged extrinsic factual or expert evidence except in exceptional EAW cases. Asztaslos also allows for no (or very little) scope for argument on the purpose of the warrant.</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Challenge 3: Swedish prosecutor is not a Judicial Authority according to the UK 2003 Extradition Act and Parliamentary Discussions</strong></div>
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The Swedish prosecutor Marianne Ny is not a ’judicial authority’ under the UK Extradition Act 2003. The wording of the act deliberately distinguished itself from the EU Framework Decision by inserting the word ’judicial’.</div>
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This was reflected in Parliament during discussions about the Extradition Act Bill. Parliamentary discussions explicitly addressed the issue of who should be considered a judicial authority. Parliament intended ’a judicial authority’ to be an independent and impartial member of the judiciary, which would exclude prosecutors and policemen. Lord Justice Thomas said that if this argument was correct, it drives a substantial wedge into the application of the European arrest warrant.</div>
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Emmerson QC argued that the decision in the Enander case, which the prosecution relies upon, was erroneous because it went against parliamentary intention by finding that the police was a judicial authority and was therefore authorised to issue an EAW.</div>
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The judgment of the Enander case, which Julian Assange is challenging as unsound, found that the UK Extradition Act 2003 must be interpreted in light of the Framework Decision, which gives states the powers to designate their own issuing authorities of EAWs. Montgomery QC, argued that in Sweden there is no clear separation between powers and that Sweden has designated the prosecutor an authority that can issue the warrant, and that the UK courts do not have the powers to nullify this.</div>
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Skeleton Argument for the appellant Julian Assange</h3>
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<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/60051689/Julian-Paul-Assange-v-Swedish-Prosecution-Authority-13-july-2011" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; color: #ae855c; display: block; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 12px auto 6px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="View Julian Paul Assange v. Swedish Prosecution Authority 13 july 2011 on Scribd">Julian Paul Assange v. Swedish Prosecution Authority 13 july 2011</a></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">Skeleton Reply by the respondent - Claire Montgomery QC for the prosecutor</span></h3>
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<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/62230225/Skeleton-Reply-CM" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; color: #ae855c; display: block; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 12px auto 6px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="View Skeleton Reply CM on Scribd">Skeleton Reply CM</a><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.706697459584296" data-auto-height="true" data-auto-resized="true" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_17372" scrolling="no" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/62230225/content?start_page=1&view_mode=list&access_key=key-2o5ng1hpf0c5dlkfwvcu" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; height: 973px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="100%"></iframe></div>
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Summary of the legal argument by the Appellant</h3>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Submission 1: The European Arrest Warrant (EAW) is invalid because the EAW document does not reflect the allegations as they were described by the two women themselves during police questioning.</strong></div>
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A misrepresentation of the conduct alleged is sufficient to invalidate an arrest warrant.</div>
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The original police complaint, accurately described, would give the following conduct:</div>
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* Claimed allegation 1 (AA - unlawful coercion):</div>
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An accurate description (in the claimant’s own account) of the facts that the allegation is referring to, is:</div>
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<i>Julian Assange engaged in ’rough and impatient’ consensual foreplay with complainant AA, and he complied with her wish that he used a condom once she expressed her desire for him to use one.</i></div>
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’Rough and impatient’ foreplay does not constitute an offence under the UK Sexual Offences Act 2003. Therefore, this claimed allegation, if described in accordance with the complaint in the police report, would fail the requirement of double criminality.</div>
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* Claimed Allegation 2 (AA - sexual molestation):</div>
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An accurate description (in the claimant’s own account) of the facts that the allegation is referring to, is:</div>
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<i>Julian Assange used a condom upon claimant AA’s request. The condom split.</i></div>
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Complainant AA believed that Julian Assange deliberately tore the condom while the two of them were having consensual sex. The claimed allegation is founded on AA’s subjective perception of events. The allegation must include a fair summary of contextual facts such as the fact that the claimant voluntarily continued to share her bed with Julian Assange for another week despite having repeated offers from other people to accommodate him elsewhere. The fact that AA threw a crayfish party the night after the alleged assault, in Julian Assange’s honour. During this party she published a tweet that spoke of "the world’s coolest smartest people, it’s amazing..." In addition to these contextual facts, the allegation would have had to include the conclusions by the Swedish forensic laboratory of the condom presented by AA ten days after the sexual encounter - the results indicated that the condom was torn by wear and tear rather than by a tool.</div>
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Therefore, this claimed allegation, if described in accordance with the complaint in the police report, would fail the requirement of double criminality.</div>
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* Claimed allegation 3 (AA - sexual molestation)</div>
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An accurate description (in the claimant’s own account) of the facts that the allegation is referring to, is:</div>
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<i>Julian Assange pressed his naked erect penis against AA whilst they were voluntarily sharing a small bed. They had shared the bed for several days and engaged in consensual sexual activity previously</i></div>
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Complainant AA describes Julian Assange’s behaviour as "strange and awkward", but the EAW has misconstrued this to mean criminal behaviour in the form of ’sexual molestation’. This is a failure to provide a proper, fair and accurate description of the conduct alleged. Again, if described in accordance with the complaint in the police report, the claim would fail the requirement of double criminality.</div>
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* Claimed allegation 4 (SW - rape )</div>
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An accurate description (in the claimant’s own account) of the facts that the allegation is referring to, is:</div>
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<i>In the context of repeated acts of consensual sexual intercourse, Julian Assange penetrated SW whilst she was ’half-asleep’. The penetration was met by consent on the part of SW, in full knowledge that Julian Assange was not wearing protection.</i></div>
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SW stated that she was ’half asleep’ when the sex began, which also means ’half awake’, sleep, or, as she later confirmed in a second interview, "... she wasn’t fast asleep but wasn’t fully awake either..." Thus, the claimed allegation in fact describes consensual unprotected sexual relations between SW and Julian Assange, after a night of repeated protected consensual sexual relations. On this occasion SW describes being somewhere between a sleeping and a waking state at the moment of penetration, but then consents to the sexual act when she is in a fully awake state.</div>
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If described in accordance with the complaint in the police report, the claim fails to constitute a Part 1 crime (’rape’), because the activity was consensual and there is no indication to suggest that Julian Assange reasonably believed that SW would not consent.</div>
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The common law precedent raised by Julian Assange’s defence team is the case of <i>Castillo, 2005</i>, in which the judge (Thomas L.J., who is also the judge in Julian Assange’s appeal case) found that an extradition order needed to carry a proper, accurate and fair description of the alleged conduct in order to be valid, especially in the case where a <i>prima facie</i> case cannot be tested.</div>
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A description that is not fair, proper and accurate in the EAW also invalidates it, as was held in the case of Murua, 2010. This does not imply bad faith on the part of the issuing authorities.</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Submission 2: An EAW issued prior to the commencement of a criminal prosecution is not a valid EAW.</strong></div>
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Suspicion is not sufficient grounds for extradition. Extradition cannot be sought merely for the purposes of questioning (even if questioning is held in custody and may be followed by prosecution). District Judge Riddle erred in stating that "I have no doubt that this defendant is wanted for prosecution in Sweden".</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The purpose of the UK Extradition Act</strong></div>
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The UK Extradition Act of 2003 provides an unequivocal requirement that arrest and extradition to EU countries can only be carried out with the purpose of being prosecuted, where the person is accused (section 2(3) of the Act).</div>
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The UK’s 2003 Extradition Act goes beyond the safeguards of the EU Framework Decision (which established the EAW), and imposes additional safeguards. Parliament included these in the act as a necessary protection against unlawful infringement of the right to liberty. One of these additional requirements is the concept of ’accused’ (the case of <i>Ismail</i> at the House of Lords, 1999).</div>
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In fact, these additional safeguards (section 2(3)(a) and 2(3)(b) of the UK Extradition Act are more restrictive than the Framework Decision and this was the intention of Parliament.</div>
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Julian Assange’s team analyses Hansard (records of Parliamentary discussions) from 2003. The meaning of the 2003 Extradition Act (which brought the Framework Decision into UK law) was discussed. Amendments were proposed in order to make it explicit that the EAW would not be valid if it was issued for the purpose of questioning. Although these amendments were not incorporated into the law, the purpose of the UK Extradition Act is clearly stated in the Parliamentary discussions, and these acknowledge that the Act was intended to go much further in terms of safeguards than the previous legislation. It is explicitly stated in Hansard that EAWs should only be possible for the purpose of putting a person on trial - i.e. not for interrogation, and not for fishing expeditions.</div>
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<i>The Swedish language EAW is equivocal</i></div>
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The wording of the EAW is equivocal (which was discussed in the Magistrate’s Court with reference to the Swedish word, ’lagföring’), and it is therefore necessary for the court to consider extrinsic evidence in order to determine the purpose of the warrant. The court must consider whether a criminal prosecution has already commenced:</div>
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− The Swedish EAW states that the arrest warrant has been issued for the purposes of legal proceedings.</div>
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− The Swedish EAW does not refer to Julian Assange as ’the accused’. Rather, he is consistently referred to by his surname, ’Assange’.<br />
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<i>District Court Judge Riddle erred in his findings</i></div>
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Julian Assange’s defence lawyers argue that the District Judge Riddle erred in his judgment, because he failed to consider that there is a systematic translation error in all Swedish language EAWs, and that EAWs in Sweden are issued incorrectly simply for ’legal proceedings’, which is not acceptable under UK extradition law (unless those legal proceedings entail a commenced prosecution).</div>
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Moreover, Judge Riddle could not establish which step could fairly be described as the commencement of a prosecution in this case, and yet found that the boundary between preliminary investigation and prosecution had been crossed (Judge Riddle’s claim goes beyond those of the Swedish prosecution themselves, who say that the decision of whether to prosecute has not yet been taken). The Magistrate’s Court Judge failed to apply the Ismail threshold, which is unambiguous in setting the boundary between suspicion and preliminary inquiries on the one hand and prosecution on the other.</div>
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<i>Extrinsic evidence</i></div>
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In fact, the Swedish prosecutor’s own statements (issued both before and after the EAW was released) have repeatedly shown that Julian Assange is wanted in connection with questioning (not prosecution), his physical presence in Sweden is sought through the EAW instrument, and the prosecution has not yet decided whether it will charge him for the alleged offences.</div>
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Julian Assange’s defence team argues that where an EAW that has been issued for the purposes of questioning, or where the purpose is ambiguous, the court is entitled to consider extrinsic material. But even if, as the judgment of <i>Asztaslos</i> suggests, extrinsic material were only to be considered in exceptional cases, the Julian Assange extradition case would fall into the category of unprecedented and highly unusual cases: unequivocal statements have been made by the prosecutor to the media and to the Australian Embassy in Stockholm, after she issued the EAW, in which she states that the the prosecution has not yet decided whether to prosecute him, and the EAW has been issued for his questioning.</div>
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In any case, an invalid EAW is not cured by subsequent information. If the purpose of the EAW, at the time it was issued, was to question and not prosecute Julian Assange, under the UK Extradition Act 2003 it constitutes an invalid EAW. It remains invalid even if, hypothetically speaking, the prosecutor were to decide later on that she does want to prosecute Julian Assange.</div>
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Furthermore, it is not a necessary requirement under Swedish law that Julian Assange should be physically present in Sweden in order to answer the prosecution’s questions. Both Sweden and the UK have signed up to the Mutual Legal Assistance mechanism which allows for this kind of case. Julian Assange has made repeated attempts to arrange his own questioning by the Swedish prosecution via telephone, video link and in the Swedish Embassy in London. Yet, the Swedish prosecutor has denied these proposals without giving a substantive reason why.</div>
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Submission 2A: It is disproportionate to issue an EAW where the prosecution can use Mutual Legal Assistance</div>
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The Framework Decision, which is the EU instrument that established the EAW, is subject to the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The proportionality principle under the Charter makes proportionality a key part of how the Framework Decision is construed - in relation toS individual rights and freedoms.</div>
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In this case, the Swedish prosecutor fails the proportionality test because she has issued an EAW without first resorting to voluntary cooperation and mutual legal assistance. In this extraordinary case, it is the suspect, Julian Assange, who has sought these mechanisms and has repeatedly been denied these measures, and is instead left to challenge the draconian EAW regime, in which (as many cases have already shown before) his rights are much more likely to be overlooked.</div>
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In addition to this, if the court accepts this extradition on these grounds, it will open the floodgates for prosecutors across Europe to ignore mutual legal assistance, as well as issue EAWs pre-emptively, before a prosecution has commenced. If the court finds against this EAW, it will instead encourage the use of a less draconian measure for obtaining the desired result (questioning).</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Submission 3: The EAW is not specific enough - Julian Assange cannot assert his speciality rights</strong></div>
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The House of Lords has emphasised that the UK Extradition Act has been designed to protect rights. The courts must ensure that the procedures have been adhered to and that requirements have been followed.</div>
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Both the Extradition Act of 2003 (section 2.4.c) and the Framework Decision (Article 8.1) set out four requirements for the content of a valid EAW:</div>
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1) What is alleged to have happened.</div>
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2) The defendant’s participation in the offence.</div>
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3) When the offence allegedly occurred.</div>
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4) Where the offence allegedly occurred.</div>
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The EAW requesting Julian Assange’s extradition fails to adhere to these requirements. In allegation 3, for example, it states that the offence occurred "on 18 August 2010, <i>or on any of the days before or after that date</i>", which could mean any date on the calendar. A bracket of time must have a definite beginning and end date.</div>
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These requirements are necessary for the individual to understand which offences he is said to have committed and to have an idea of the extent of the allegations against him. If the alleged offence involves a dual criminality test, there must be sufficient detail for the court be able to carry out a transposition exercise.</div>
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An EAW must be sufficiently specific as to the alleged offences that the person is being sought for, so as to avoid that the case against the defendant is then broadened, beyond what he was originally extradited for. The ambiguity of the EAW for Julian Assange means that he would not be in a position to assert his speciality rights.</div>
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<i>Submission 4: A public prosecutor is not a ’judicial authority’ under the 2003 Extradition Act</i></div>
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Only judges, magistrates and courts can be judicial authorities, because only they independently exercise judicial power.</div>
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A prosecutor is not a judge. A prosecutor exercises a partisan role. Therefore describing a prosecutor as a judicial authority is contradictory.</div>
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EAWs in the UK can only be issued by "the appropriate judge" according to the 2003 Extradition Act. Even the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is not authorised to issue EAWs in the UK on the basis that they are partisan.</div>
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<i>Parliament’s Intention</i></div>
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Hansard (records of Parliamentary discussions) show that the Parliament intended that the judicial authority means a judge, and assured that the law would be interpreted in this sense. This was certainly the requirement in the UK and the corresponding requirement on European countries issuing EAWs to the UK.</div>
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Hansard shows that Parliament raised the possibility that other countries could authorise prosecutors and policemen to issue EAWs. Although an amendment was proposed to define a judicial authority (and prevent policemen and prosecutors from issuing EAWs), in the end the amendment was not incorporated into law because it impositions upon foreign countries in UK law was considered excessive at the time. Instead, in the cited discussions it was established that Parliament would rely on a similar and similarly robust <i>judicial process</i> in the EU countries issuing EAWs as in the UK.</div>
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Although the Framework Decision accepts that member states can designate who is a judicial authority, the Framework Decision is not a part of UK law. Parliament deliberately deviated from the Framework Decision in the 2003 Extradition Act, and the House of Lords stated in 2006 (in <i>Cando Armas</i>) that where the wording of the 2003 Extradition Act deviated from the Framework Decision, this was due to a deliberate attempt by Parliament to provide necessary protections against unlawful infringement of the right to liberty. The 2003 Extradition Act provides for additional ’due process’ safeguards.</div>
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The UK Extradition Act deliberately carved out the ability for the UK to determine whether an EAW has been issued by an independent judicial body (section 2.2 of the Extradition Act).</div>
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Julian Assange’s defence team rejects the judgment of the <i>Enander</i> case, a habeas corpus case in which the Divisional Court ruled that an executive officer could be a <i>judicial authority</i> within the meaning of the 2003 Act. <i>Enander</i> was decided without taking into consideration Hansard or the<i>Cando Armas</i> case (which was subsequently decided). The case law on who is a judicial authority has significantly developed since. <i>Enander</i> emptied the term <i>judicial authority</i> of Parliament’s intended meaning. The court simply abdicated its duty to test the impartiality and independence of the authority issuing the EAW, so as to not undermine the EU principle of mutual recognition. And yet the principle of mutual trust and recognition can only be strengthened on the condition that such decisions are taken by independent and impartial <i>judicial</i> authorities.</div>
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<span face=""Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #eeeeee;"><b>For Information: </b><a href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/"><b>http://www.SwedenVersusAssange.com</b></a><b> </b></span><b style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #eeeeee;">or</span></b></span></div>
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<span face=""Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: #eeeeee; font-size: small;"><b> </b><b> </b><a href="http://www.justiceforassange.com/"><b>http://www.justiceforassange.com</b></a><b> </b></span></div>
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<b><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: #eeeeee; font-size: small;">Wikileaks-Julian Assange Legal Updates:</span></b><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: #eeeeee; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/WLLegal" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>https://twitter.com/#!/WLLegal</b></a></div>
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<span face=""Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: #eeeeee; font-size: small;"><b>Other Contact Sources: Contact: </b><a href="mailto:sva@fastmail.fm"><b>sva@fastmail.fm</b></a><b> </b></span></div>
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Silvia Stagghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17500761053983344662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2080135482611963033.post-45105215392699984622012-03-25T13:33:00.009-07:002021-02-16T10:54:32.094-08:00Justice For Julian Assange - European Arrest Warrant<div id="content-outer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f6f5f5; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(232, 232, 232); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding: 5px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1483px;"><div class="container_16" id="content-wrapper-2col" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: url(http://justice4assange.com/images/content-bg2col.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 50% 0%; background-repeat: repeat-y; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px auto; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; overflow: auto; padding-bottom: 35px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding: 5px 0px 35px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 960px;"><div class="grid_12" id="main" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; display: inline; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 700px;"><h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #444444; font-size: 3em; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.6px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 15px 0px 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px 3px 5px; vertical-align: baseline;">The European Arrest Warrant</h2>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">News:</strong></div>
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10 March 2012: Annie Machon - <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.anniemachon.com/annie_machon/2012/03/the-extradition-farce-why-the-delay-in-reform.html" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Extradition Farce - why the delay in reform?</a>: "[The UK Extradition Act] was rushed through Parliament in the midst of the post-9/11 terrorism flap. And, of course, this is the very act that is currently being used and abused to extradite Julian Assange to Sweden merely for police questioning (he has not even been charged with any crime), whence he can be "temporarily surrendered" to the delights of the US judicial process. Hmm, could this possibly be the reason for the delay in reforming the Act?"</div>
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5 March 2012: FTI issues statement <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.fairtrials.net/press/article/three-months-on-and-still-no-extradition-reform-in-sight" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Three months on and still no extradition reform insight</a></div>
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5 December 2011: The UK Parliament unanimously votes that the UK Extradition Act 2003 requires ’urgent reform’</div>
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The Week: <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.theweek.co.uk/law/assange-extradition/35917/european-arrest-warrants-unjust-and-ripe-reform" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">European Arrest Warrants: unjust and ripe for reform?</a> (2 November 2011):</div>
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"European Arrest Warrants are once again in the news after WikiLeaks boss Julian Assange lost an appeal against extradition to Sweden and MPs failed in a bid to have the issue debate in the House of Commons. EAWs will now be debated on November 24 at Westminster Hall, but there will be no vote - and MPs and campaigners are baffled." Read <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.theweek.co.uk/law/assange-extradition/35917/european-arrest-warrants-unjust-and-ripe-reform" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the article</a>.</div>
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The EAW and Julian Assange</h3>
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The European Arrest Warrant (EAW) for Julian Assange has a number of problems which are being challenged in UK courts on narrow, technical grounds and substantive grounds - namely that he has not been charged for any offence. Beyond the irregularities of Julian Assange’s EAW, this high profile case has brought attention to the flaws and abuses of the EAW system itself.</div>
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The EAW has led to more challenges before European Courts than any other EU law. On average, about 1000 EAWs are issued in the EU <i>every month</i>, the overwhelming majority for minor crimes. Between 2005 and 2009 54,689 EAWs were issued in the EU.</div>
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The EAW for Julian Assange has been challenged on three grounds: Firstly, technical grounds (such as the wording in the EAW, who issued it, and for what purpose); secondly, on grounds that the prosecution was acting in abuse of process; and thirdly, on the grounds that the EAW conflicts with UK and European Human Rights legislation. While in the <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/February-Hearing.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">February Hearing</a>, Julian Assange’s legal team focussed on all three aspects, in the <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/High-Court-Ruling.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">High Court Ruling</a> the new legal team narrowed the challenge to the EAW to three points relating to the first of these grounds. For the legal arguments, visit <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/February-Hearing.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">February Hearing</a> and <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/High-Court-Ruling.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">High Court Ruling</a>.</div>
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In general, the problems with Julian Assange’s EAW come down to:</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> No charge</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> Facts do not meet the alleged conduct specified in <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Sexual-Offences.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sexual Offences</a>.</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> The <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Allegations.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Allegations</a> of <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Sexual-Offences.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sexual Offences</a>, even if true, amount to conduct that would be legal in the UK.</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Timing-EAW-INTERPOL-Red-Notice.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Timing: EAW & INTERPOL Red Notice</a></div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> The EAW is based on an <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Investigation.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">investigation</a> that has been carried out improperly.</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> The EAW has been issued in abuse of process. The <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Prosecution.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prosecution</a> issued the EAW for questioning, not prosecution. The <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Prosecution.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prosecution</a> has not provided Assange with evidence in English.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Prosecution.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prosecution</a> fails to disclose evidence that demonstrates the abuse of process. The <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Prosecution.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prosecution</a> has denied Julian Assange his right to confidentiality and increased the risk of facing an unfair trial given that the Swedish media has already labeled him as a ’double rapist’.</div>
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For a summary of the irregularities of Julian Assange’s EAW, go to the <i>Controversies</i> tab, and read this<a class="spip_out" href="http://www.dsm.nu/JA_arrest_UK-1.pdf" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> summary</a>, published in the Swedish publication DSM (in English).</div>
<h3 class="spip" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #444444; font-size: 1.9em; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 15px; padding: 15px 15px 7px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
EAW Conflicts with the UK and European Human Rights Law</h3>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">UK Parliament: EAW violates the UK and European Human Rights legislation</strong></div>
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June 2011: the House of Lords/House of Commons Joint Committee on Human Rights released its evaluation of UK extradition policy. It looked specifically at the EAW system. It urged the government to reform the EU Framework Decision. While renegotiation at the EU-level is more complex than amending UK legislation, the government has stated that "if the level of dissatisfaction with this piece of legislation is very great indeed, it would be right to try to <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt201012/jtselect/jtrights/156/15604.htm#n19" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">do something about it</a>." The June 2011 report calls for changes in the Framework Decision, which would require renegotiation at the EU level. Highlights from the report that are relevant to the consideration of the Julian Assange EAW:</div>
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<i>Abuse of process - Use of EAW for the purposes of an investigation</i></div>
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The Committee states (paragraph 168):</div>
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an EAW should not be used for the purposes of investigation... a Member State ’cannot just have a fishing expedition’.</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> As it does appear that requests are being made merely for the purposes of investigation, <i>we urge the Government to ensure that other Member States do not use the European Arrest Warrant for purposes of investigation, if necessary by amendment to the Framework Decision</i>.</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> We recommend that, where there are doubts as to the stage of proceedings reached in the requesting state, the facility for further information provided by the Framework Decision and the Extradition Act 2003 should be used. The requesting state should be asked to provide information on the indictment process under their national law, the stage of proceedings reached, the date set for the first hearing and an assurance that the individual will not be interrogated on arrival.</div>
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<i>Problems with ’mutual recognition’ - double criminality</i></div>
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The EAW Framework Decision removes the double criminality requirement for 32 serious offences (in article 2.2), including rape, murder, drugs trafficking and terrorism. The Parliamentary committee stated:</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> "The exclusion of the 32 offences from the double criminality requirement raises some difficult questions. The Government and the Extradition Review may wish to review the list of 32 offences for which double criminality is not considered, with a view to whether certain conduct should be excluded from the definitions of these offences" and suggests that the issue be renegotiated at the EU level (paragraph 165).</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> One organisation which informed the committee, the Freedom Association, argued that the EAW’s abolishment of the double criminality requirement had "created a situation where laws voted in by elected officials in the UK Parliament have become null and void, due to the fact that UK citizens can be extradited for something that is not a crime in the UK." It concluded that "the European Arrest Warrant either needs to change so that double criminality requirements and the requirement for prima facie evidence are re-introduced or that the UK needs to remove itself from the European Arrest Warrant system." (paragraph 162).</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/VzqScBO5VIA" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="560"></iframe></div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> The organisations' Liberty and JUSTICE raised concerns in relation to the definition of the offences - Liberty described these as "extremely broad to the point of being meaningless." Belgium has addressed the problem of the definition in offences that do not require double criminality by introducing legislation which excluded abortion and euthanasia from the category of "murder and grievous bodily harm". This allowed Belgium to not be under an obligation to extradite a person for the act of abortion under the definition of the offence of murder. This measure was criticised by the European Commission because it went against the principle of mutual trust.</div>
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<i>Problems with ’mutual recognition’ - proportionality</i></div>
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The Parliamentary committee stated:</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> "We note the increasing number of European Arrest Warrant requests received by the UK. We have serious concerns about the disproportionate impact of extradition where it is requested for a relatively minor offence."</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> The UK Government should work with the European Commission and "other Member States to implement a proportionality principle in the Framework Decision, both for operational reasons and to ensure that the human rights implications of extradition are not disproportionate to the alleged crime."</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> "We are not convinced that informal guidelines, bilateral discussions with the authorities of other Member States or a public interest test operated by the authorities in the requested country would be operationally practical or successful in the long-term." (paragraphs 158 and 159).</div>
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<i>Human Rights guarantees</i></div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> Fair Trials International’s submission to the Committee: the human rights test of the EAW made it "almost impossible" to challenge successfully extradition on Article 6 grounds: "The mere theoretical availability of a legal remedy in the issuing state should not absolve the executing state of the duty to conduct a proper legal review of the risk of infringement raised by the requested extradition and to provide the protection necessary to safeguard those rights, including where necessary by refusing to extradite." (FTI, paragraph 53).</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> "The defendant should have a realistic opportunity to rebut the presumption that their human rights will be respected if extradited to a country which is a signatory to the ECHR or with which the UK has good relations" (paragraph 71).</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> "The effectiveness of human rights protection would be improved if judges in extradition cases took a more active role in the extradition process, through the implementation of safeguards and the use of the human rights bar to ensure that the role of a judge in an extradition case is more than only ’rubber stamping’ extradition requests" (paragraph 78).</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">European Commission: EAW is regularly used disproportionately</strong></div>
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April 2011: the European Commission report (COM (2011) 175) on the operation of the European Arrest Warrant made a number of observations and recommendations:</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> There "must be the adoption of the measures in the [EU] roadmap on procedural rights [...] to ensure that fundamental rights and freedoms are protected."</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> "confidence in the application of the EAW has been undermined by the systematic issue of EAWs for the surrender of persons sought in respect of often very minor offences."</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> Recourse to the European Court of Human Rights is not sufficient given that it is only a remedy after the breach has occurred. This is not an effective means of safeguarding individuals rights nor of ensuring that signatories comply with the Convention’s standards.</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> "Before issuing an arrest warrant, Member State judicial authorities should consider the seriousness of the offence, length of sentence and the costs and benefits of executing an arrest warrant. The principle of proportionality needs to be carefully respected when implementing the warrant."</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> Member States must ensure that "judicial practitioners, such as prosecutors" do not abuse the EAW system to issue an arrest warrant for minor offences, including in those countries where prosecution is mandatory.</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Council of Europe - Human Rights Commissioner</strong></div>
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March 2011: Thomas Hammarberg, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human rights, described the overuse of EAWs as a <a class="spip_out" href="http://human-rights-convention.org/2011/03/15/overuse-of-european-arrest-warrant-is-a-threat-to-human-rights-says-thomas-hammarberg/" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">threat to human rights</a>:</div>
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There has been "repeated criticism of the manner in which the EAW has functioned in a number of concrete cases. This criticism must be taken seriously. Human rights organisations have expressed concerns about the imprisonment of innocent persons, disproportionate arrests, violations of procedural rights and the impossibility in some countries for an innocent person to appeal against a decision to be surrendered. The problems appear to have worsened with the increase of the number of EAWs... The EAW has been used in cases for which it was not intended, sometimes with harsh consequences on the lives of the persons concerned. It is thus high time to reform a system that affects thousands of persons every year."</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Traditional safeguards in extradition agreements</strong></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/_Ar3T2QfR_A" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="425"></iframe></div>
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Customary international law imposes no obligation on states to extradite. A number of important procedural safeguards and rules to protect individuals from extradition in unfair circumstances has developed in international law over time. These safeguards include:</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;"> The presence of prima facie evidence</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;"> The possibility of a fair trial</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;"> The protection of the individual against possible persecution at the hands of the requesting state.</span></div></div>
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Even before the UK Extradition Act was adopted, the UK Parliament European Scrutiny Committee (HC Paper 152) raised the same concerns that the committee raised in 2011:</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;"> The absence of any explicit reference to the European Convention on Human Rights.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;"> The abandonment of dual criminality.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;"> The lack of definition of the offences for which this safeguard is being abandoned (Article 2.2 offences, which include rape).</span></div></div>
<h3 class="spip" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #444444; font-size: 1.9em; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 15px; padding: 15px 15px 7px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The EAW strips courts of their powers and individuals of their rights</h3>
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The Framework Decision created a bureaucratic channel for EU courts to fast-track the extradition process. But it severely limited the individual’s right to challenge the EAW order.</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;">None of the traditional conditions for allowing extradition are present in the EAW system. The safeguards that existed in each of the EU countries were abolished and replaced by this new fast-track system. Underlying this overhaul was the unfounded assumption that since every EU member-state is subject to the European Convention on Human Rights, such protections are not required.</span></div>
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The existence of domestic laws and accession to international treaties guaranteeing respect for fundamental rights in principle are not in themselves sufficient to ensure adequate protection against the risk of ill-treatment. - MSS v Belgium and Greece.</div>
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The fact that the EAW stripped the courts of their powers and individuals of their protections led the German Constitutional Court to reject the equivalent of the 2003 Extradition Act on the grounds that the court was being asked to consent to an extradition blind-folded when the court’s duty to individuals was to ensure their fundamental rights were respected. The latter fundamental obligation took precedence, and the Constitutional Court decided that it could not execute the EAWs based on a system of trust.</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">How could Julian Assange challenge extradition under the traditional safeguards?</strong></div>
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Julian Assange can only challenge the EAW on narrow technical grounds. Challenging the EAW on fundamental problems - proportionality, the real risk of an unfair trial, abuse of process by the police investigators and the prosecutor - is very difficult, even when these are flagrant. (See <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.fairtrials.net/publications/article/european_arrest_warrant_cases_of_injustice" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">FTI’s report on Gary Mann’s extradition</a> to an ’unfair’ trial in Portugal, where he is currently serving a two-year prison sentence).</div>
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The Framework Decision:</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> prevents Julian Assange from demanding that Sweden show the merits of the alleged conducts (no prima facie requirement)</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> thwarts attempts to challenge the extradition order (’surrender’) on the grounds that fundamental rights will be breached given that all EU members are signatories to the European Convention of Human Rights and therefore would not violate basic human rights.</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> removes double criminality as a requirement because it assumes that <a class="spip_out" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32002F0584:EN:NOT" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">offences that are listed under article 2.2.</a> do not require a definition. This leads to serious miscarriages of justice given the varying definitions of offences - such as rape (consensual sex in Sweden) murder (abortion) and so on.</div>
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The EAW issued for Julian Assange ticks the "rape" box, despite the fact that the leading authority on sexual offences in the UK, the Oxford Professor Andrew Ashworth, argues that the conduct would not fall under rape in the UK given that the acts were consensual, and there is no allegation of criminal intent in Julian Assange’s conduct according to the police report.</div>
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The EAW</h3>
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The European Arrest Warrant (EAW) is a fast-track system for extraditions within the EU. Sweden has issued an EAW for Julian Assange.</div>
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<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Basic EAW Facts</strong></div>
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The EAW is <i>sent between judicial authorities</i>, without the involvement of an intermediary, <i>removing the executive from the process</i>. In the case against Julian Assange, the EAW was issued by a prosecutor, not a judge, which is one of the grounds for challenging its validity.</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> The EAW process reduces and removes many of the traditional bars to extradition. Refusal to execute a valid warrant is only permitted in limited circumstances contained in sections 12-19 of the 2003 UK Extradition Act.</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> An EAW may be issued for an offence punishable by the law of the issuing state by a custodial sentence or a detention order for a maximum period of at least 12 months or, where a sentence has been passed, for sentences of at least four months.</div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> The EAW includes a list of 32 serious offences (Article 2.2) which, if punishable by a custodial sentence of at least three years, can result in extradition "without verification of the double criminality of the act". (This includes the ’rape’ offence.)</div>
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<img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> The EAW only applies within the EU. Onward extradition to a country outside the EU requires agreement with the Member State which authorised the initial surrender.</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">What happens when an EAW is issued?</strong></div>
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The process of extradition from the UK to EU countries <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt201012/jtselect/jtrights/156/15604.htm#a5" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">follows the following steps</a> (section numbers in brackets refer to the UK Extradition Act 2003):</div>
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* When an EAW is received by the United Kingdom, the Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA) certifies the warrant.</div>
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* Following the certification, the person is arrested and is brought before a judge to determine whether the person is that who is specified in the EAW; the judge may detain or bail the person. A date is set for an extradition hearing within 21 days unless the person consents to be extradited.</div>
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* At this hearing, the judge considers whether the offence is an extradition offence (s 10), any potential bars to extradition (s 11), whether the person was convicted in their absence (s 20) and human rights considerations (s 21).</div>
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* Once the decision is made, the requested person and the requesting judicial authority can appeal to the High Court and apply for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court against a decision of the High Court</div>
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* If the decision is made to extradite the requested person, surrender of the person must take place within 10 days of the decision being made final.</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Why was it established?</strong></div>
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The EAW was <a class="spip_out" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32002F0584:EN:HTML" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA">established in 2002</a> by the European Council - the political section of the EU - along with other counter-terrorism legislation after 11 September 2001. Extradition procedures are simplified to standardised forms listing offences for which one can be extradited. The EAW has created a streamlined system in the EU, but it is unfair. At Assange’s February Hearing, Assange’s lawyer Mark Stephens described the EAW as ’tickbox justice’ - ticking box sets into motion cases of serious injustice. This has even been acknowledged by David Blunkett, the UK Home Secretary <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2010/dec/14/julian-assange-european-arrest-warrant" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Blunkett acknowledged this in a Commons home affairs select committee in December 2010, which led to the establishment of an independent review panel on the UK government's extradition agreements">who agreed to the establishment of the EAW</a>.</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Where are the safeguards?</strong></div>
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Although the preamble of the <a class="spip_out" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32002F0584:EN:HTML" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Art. 12">Framework Decision</a> affirms fundamental rights, it provides no concrete measures for the courts to implement these. The EAW was a teaser of an EU policy package that was meant to establish common standards in criminal justice procedures across the EU. But for almost a decade the EAW has stood on its own. The legislation that is meant to ensure that the system carries with it certain safeguards <a class="spip_out" href="http://ec.europa.eu/justice/doc_centre/criminal/procedural/doc/com328_28042004_en.pdf" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="for example, this 2004 proposal by the Commission COM (2004) 328 to ensure procedural rights in criminal procedures, which has been progressively watered down">has not been agreed on</a>. The Council of Europe’s Commissioner for Human Rights, Thomas Hammarberg, has described the current system as ’a threat to human rights’.</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Can the courts still decide?</strong></div>
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The <a class="spip_out" href="http://justice4assange.com/2002/584/JHA-%3Ehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32002F0584:EN:HTML" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Framework Decision</a>, which established the EAW, imposed a duty on the courts to extradite with certain narrow exceptions. The Council forced the courts to take a leap of faith: courts are obliged to operate under the principle of mutual recognition, where the court of one EU country has very limited power to call into question the decision of another’s.</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Can an EAW be issued for questioning?</strong></div>
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Julian Assange’s defence team challenges the validity of the EAW on both substantive and technical grounds. The substantive grounds are that DPP Marianne Ny acted disproportionately and in abuse of process by issuing the EAW. The EAW is disproportionate because Julian Assange is sought for questioning and not prosecution, given that he has not been charged for any offence. The UK Extradition Act of 2003, which incorporated the Framework Decision into UK legislation, states that for an EAW to be valid it must be issued for the purpose of being prosecuted:</div>
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"the [EAW] is issued with a view to his arrest and extradition to the category 1 territory <i>for the purpose of being prosecuted</i> for the offence." (Sec. 2(3b) UK Extradition Act 2003)</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">How is the EAW different from ’traditional’ extradition?</strong></div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;"> Extradition is called ’surrender’</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;"> EAWs are only decided by the courts of the two EU countries involved - the issuing (or requesting) state - in this case Sweden - and the executing state - the UK.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;"> In theory, the extradition should take place within ten days after the executing court consenting to the EAW.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;"> There are some exceptions to the duty to surrender, but their scope is limited.</span></div></div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">How did EAW change the way the UK decided on extradition?</strong></div>
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The UK’s body of extradition law was repealed in 2003. The 2003 Extradition Act stripped the UK courts of most of their powers in extradition cases, making their role bureaucratic. For many of the offences, including rape, the 2003 Extradition Act abolished one of the key principles of extradition proceedings: the principle of dual criminality (this simply means that the offence that a person is being extradited for must also be an offence according to the extraditing country’s laws). Under the previous legislation, there had also been room for political consideration after the courts had decided on extradition. The Secretary of State’s power to reject the extradition was weakened after 2003. The previous legislation also excluded political offences from offences that could lead to extradition, but the 2003 Extradition Act eliminated it because the Framework Decision does not contemplate political offences in the EU context.</div>
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Further <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Resources.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Resources</a>:</div>
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Jennifer Robinson and Lizzie O’Shea: <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.altlj.org/news-and-views/opinion/152-sleepwalking-into-dangerous-territory" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sleepwalking Into Dangerous Territory</a> 6 October 2011</div>
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Mary Kostakidis <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/assange-faces-enforced-leisure-to-ponder-folly-of-a-law-passed-in-haste-20110711-1hakb.html" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Assange faces enforced leisure to ponder folly of a law passed in haste</a></div>
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Thomas Hammarberg (Council for Europe Commissioner for Human Rights) - <a class="spip_out" href="http://commissioner.cws.coe.int/tiki-view_blog_post.php?postId=124" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Overuse of the European Arrest Warrant - a threat to human rights</a></div>
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Bernard Porter - <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/blog/2011/02/11/bernard-porter/the-victorians-wouldn%E2%80%99t-have-stood-for-it/" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Victorians wouldn’t have stood for it</a></div>
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David Blunkett - <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/david-blunkett-european-arrest-warrant-is-fair-but-it-is-open-to-abuse-1887327" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">European warrant is fair, but it is open to abuse</a></div>
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Fair Trials International - <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.fairtrials.net/campaigns/the_arrest_warrant/" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The European Arrest Warrant</a></div>
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Valentina Pop - <a class="spip_out" href="http://euobserver.com/891/31990" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Assange case highlights EU arrest warrant ’abuses’</a></div>
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Fair Trials International <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmjust/162/162we04.htm" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memorandum to the UK Parliament Justice Committee</a></div>
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<a class="spip_out" href="http://www.dsm.nu/JA_arrest_UK-1.pdf" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">DSM: The European Arrest Order Against Julian Assange</a></div>
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<a class="spip_out" href="http://ec.europa.eu/justice/policies/criminal/extradition/docs/com_2011_175_en.pdf" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">European Commission’s Full Report EAW April 2011</a></div>
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Jennifer Robinson’s <a class="spip_out" href="http://wlcentral.org/node/1418" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Brief to Australian members of parliament</a> (4 March 2011)</div>
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Fair Trials International - <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.fairtrials.net/publications/article/the_european_arrest_warrant_seven_years_on_the_case_for_reform/" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The European Arrest Warrant seven years on - the case for reform</a></div>
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Fair Trials International - <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.fairtrials.net/publications/article/european_arrest_warrant_cases_of_injustice" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The European Arrest Warrant - cases of injustice</a></div>
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Afua Hirsch - <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2010/dec/14/julian-assange-european-arrest-warrant/" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Julian Assange Case: a mockery of extradition?</a></div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Jago Russell - <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.fairtrials.net/press/article/assanges_extradition_is_only_the_tip_of_the_iceberg" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Assange’s extradition is only the tip of the iceberg</a></div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Gerard Batten, MEP <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwCQF9zABdE/" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">on Assange’s EAW</a></div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a class="spip_out" href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmjust/162/162we04.htm" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memorandum to the UK Parliament Justice Committee</a></div>
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<a class="spip_out" href="http://human-rights-convention.org/2011/03/15/overuse-of-european-arrest-warrant-is-a-threat-to-human-rights-says-thomas-hammarberg/" rel="external" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">European Council: ’Overuse of European Arrest Warrant is a threat to human rights, says Thomas Hammarberg’</a></div>
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">The briefing note to the European Parliament "Assange’s EAW and political purposes"</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">474</strong> days under house arrest.</div>
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Supreme Court hearing:<br />
1st and 2nd February 2012</div>
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<b>On 25/3/2012</b><br />
12:40 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/Jamusazza" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">@Jamusazza</a>: If u have access 2 a sticker printer pls print these<a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#Assange" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#Assange</a> rally QR codes & stick them EVERYWHERE<a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#BringAssangeHom" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#BringAssangeHom</a> ...<br />
12:40 – RT<a href="http://www.twitter.com/subculturestuff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">@subculturestuff</a>: RT<a href="http://www.twitter.com/wikileaks" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">@wikileaks</a>: Sweden is now the world's largest arms exporter, per capita, eclipsing Israel. <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#arms" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#arms</a><a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#war" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#war</a> <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#violence" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#violence</a><br />
12:02 – RT<a href="http://www.twitter.com/BernardKeane" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">@BernardKeane</a>: Also at<a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#GdnOpenWeekend," style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#GdnOpenWeekend,</a> David Leigh will be unthawed from cryogenic suspension to amusingly ask "what's a computer?" ...<br />
12:01 – RT<a href="http://www.twitter.com/BernardKeane" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">@BernardKeane</a>: oh LOL is it <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#gdnopenweekend?" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#gdnopenweekend?</a> Have they recreated the scenes where they smeared Julian Assange and gave away the cable ...<br />
12:00 – RT<a href="http://www.twitter.com/BernardKeane" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">@BernardKeane</a>: Can't make it to<a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#GdnOpenWeekend?" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#GdnOpenWeekend?</a> Why not launch your own vilification of Julian Assange by repeating Swedish lies abo ...</div>
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<b>On 20/3/2012</b><br />
00:59 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/wikileaks" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">@wikileaks</a>: World wide rallies scheduled for Assange Supreme Court verdict | WLC<a href="http://t.co/h6J9y7lv" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://t.co/h6J9y7lv</a> <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#fowl" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#fowl</a><br />
00:57 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/wikileaks" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">@wikileaks</a>: Survey: Majority of Australians--across all parties--approve of WikiLeaks releasing US cables (pdf)<a href="http://t.co/fXaR4Oi7" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://t.co/fXaR4Oi7</a> ...<br />
00:35 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/mrkoot" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">@mrkoot</a>: "Cybersecurity" Bill Is Broad Enough to Use Against WikiLeaks and The Pirate Bay (Mar 8, <a href="http://www.twitter.com/EFF)" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">@EFF)</a><a href="https://t.co/pg1i2rOX" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">https://t.co/pg1i2rOX</a><br />
00:33 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/m_cetera" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">@m_cetera</a>: 61% of people say they would vote for Julian<a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#Assange" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#Assange</a> if he stood for Senate in their state.<a href="http://t.co/EVP4naW4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://t.co/EVP4naW4</a><a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#Assange" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#Assange</a> ...<br />
00:13 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/wl_central" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">@wl_central</a>: 2011-03-16 Full Transcript<a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#Manning" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#Manning</a> Motion Hearing Fort Meade, MD March 16, 2012 Day Two<a href="http://t.co/F9qw0K0i" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://t.co/F9qw0K0i</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.twitter.com/swedenvsassange" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; border: 0px; color: #ae855c; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Read more on twitter...</a></div>
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Silvia Stagghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17500761053983344662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2080135482611963033.post-12086139450291005312012-03-19T14:09:00.005-07:002021-02-16T11:13:32.618-08:00Justice For Assange - Political Interference<div class="grid_12" id="main">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/" name="title"></a><br />
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Political Interference</span></h2>
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<b><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Contents</span></b></div></b><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://justice4assange.com/Political-Interference.html#IT"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>Informal Talks between Sweden and US</b></span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://justice4assange.com/Political-Interference.html#SE"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>Swedish Executive’s Statements on the Assange Case</b></span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://justice4assange.com/Political-Interference.html#TFR"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>2010: US Surveillance in Sweden</b></span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://justice4assange.com/Political-Interference.html#USSE"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>US-Sweden Relations - in their own words</b></span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://justice4assange.com/Political-Interference.html#US"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>Political Dimension of the Swedish case</b></span></a></li>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" name="IT"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></a></div><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" name="IT"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span>
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<span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span> </span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">US and Sweden: Informal Talks about Assange Extradition to the US since December 2010</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The UK newspaper The Independent (</b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/assange-could-face-espionage-trial-in-us-2154107.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>08 December 2010</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>) reported that Sweden and the United States were holding informal negotiations about Assange’s onward extradition. The news was </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.expressen.se/nyheter/1.2245231/nya-uppgifter-sverige-och-usa-i-samtal-om-att-utlamna-assange" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>picked up by the Swedish tabloid Expressen</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>.</b></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
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<h3 class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Sweden: Political Interference by the Swedish Prime Minister</span></h3>
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<div class="grid_12" id="main"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The UK newspaper The Independent (</b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/assange-could-face-espionage-trial-in-us-2154107.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>08 December 2010</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>) reported that Sweden and the United States were holding informal negotiations about Assange’s onward extradition. The news was </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.expressen.se/nyheter/1.2245231/nya-uppgifter-sverige-och-usa-i-samtal-om-att-utlamna-assange" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>picked up by the Swedish tabloid Expressen</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>.</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" name="SE"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></a></div><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" name="SE"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span>
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<span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span> </span></h3>
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<b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Swedish Prime Minister interferes in Assange case with fresh attacks on Assange - 25 January 2012</span></b></h3>
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<i><div style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>This is typical of someone accused [’anklagad’] of a crime in a different country - to try to cast suspicion on that country or its legal system. One can see similarities with other cases where this technique has been used. Of course, we have to stand our ground - we have a system of rule of law that works. And we take rape accusations very seriously - there are special interests trying to disparage how we have developed and how we stand by the good legislation [that is relevant] in this [Assange] case. - full transcript below.</b></span></i></div></i><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Swedish Prime Minister, Fredrik Reinfeldt, talks about the Assange case </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=1637&artikel=4928323" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>on Swedish national radio</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b> on 25 January 2012 - only one week before Assange’s team will argue that the European Arrest Warrant has not been subjected to scrutiny by an independent and impartial ’judicial authority’, before the </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Supreme-Court-Appeal,65.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>UK Supreme Court</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>.</b></span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Swedish Prime Minister attacks Assange on National Radio, one week before Supreme Court hearing</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>The following transcript is from the call-in program Studio Ett (25 January 2012) where the question related to Julian Assange’s case and US extradition is asked to Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt (FR) by the caller, author Carina Rydberg (CR). The host is Anders Holmberg (AH):</b></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>AH: And now we have Carina Rydberg from Stockholm. Hello!</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<b><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">CR: Hello hello!</span></b></div></b><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>AH: This is the author Carina Rydberg as I believe?</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>CR: It is! That’s who you’re talking to! And we’ll keep things international here. It’s started well. Because I thought I’d ask the prime minister: Julian Assange - you’ve heard of him?</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>FR: Oh yes.</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>CR: He will be heard again in a few days’ time at the </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Supreme-Court-Appeal,65.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Supreme Court in the UK</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>, about whether he is to be surrendered to Sweden or not due to allegations of sexual offenses. And what is spreading in the international media, </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/julian-assange-the-rolling-stone-interview-20120118" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>recently in Rolling Stone</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b> in the US but also earlier in Le Monde, that if Julian Assange is handed over to Sweden he will immediately and without any judicial scrutiny whatsoever be extradited to the US if that country wants him - due to some kind of </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/US-Extradition.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>overly generous extradition agreement</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>.</b></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>AH: What is your question, Carina Rydberg?</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>CR: My question is what comments the Prime Minister has in relation to these claims that are circulating?</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>FR: Well hello Carina. Anyone who has followed this issue is aware that it is an extremely sensitive issue, so I can’t make any comments on a specific case. Furthermore, the international press is using, as you have also pointed out, a specific lens that suggests that the Swedish judicial system is </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Lay-Judges.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>entangled with political decision-makers</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>. And I have had to clarify that this is not the case. Extradition procedures are built on </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/US-Extradition.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>judicial systems talking to each other according to a set of rules</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>, and it is applicable in this case, so it is appropriate for me in this case not to try to assess or speculate about how things might unfold.</b></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>CR: So what you mean is that if the US requests Assange’s extradition, the matter will go through the Swedish judicial system, for example, the Supreme Court, Ummm but not, it won’t be like what happened to those two Egyptians a few years ago [Carina Rydberg is referring to the case of extraordinary rendition of two Egyptian refugees in Sweden known as </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR42/001/2006" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Agiza v. Sweden at the UN Committee Against Torture</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>]. Because that is what is being suggested: there is no real system of rule of law in this country. Abroad we appear as some kind of, umm well, a Scandinavian, US-friendly version of North Korea. I find it upsetting!</b></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>FR: Umm yes. I also want to point out that it is also partly based on the fact that there has been an attempt to cast doubt on </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Sexual-Offences.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Sweden’s rape legislation</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>. So... there are arguments being made that distinguish Sweden’s judicial system from other countries, and some try to use that as a basis to cast doubt on Sweden. We stand by our system because we have a functioning system of rule of law where we have a good system for handling such extradition requests. I think in the case of Egypt - that was rather </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/cat/decisions/233-2003.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>unique in its character</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b> and it has been discussed on many occasions umm about Sweden’s role in the affair, and there has also been </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.hrw.org/news/2006/11/09/sweden-violated-torture-ban-cia-rendition" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>criticism of Sweden</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>. But in this [Assange’s] case it is once again legal systems that are </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.svd.se/nyheter/inrikes/svenska-dagbladets-fact-check-assange_6717619.svd" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>talking to one another</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>, there are rules that exist and must be observed, and political decision-makers should not make public statements about it or try to speculate about how it will be handled.</b></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>AH: Is it a problem for you - one moment, Carina Rydberg - is it a problem for you [Prime Minister] Fredrik Reinfeldt or for Sweden that there are these kinds of descriptions of Sweden as a banana republic as far as the law is concerned in the international press?</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>FR: Well. This is typical of someone accused [’anklagad’] of a crime in a different country - to try to cast suspicion on that country or its legal system. One can see similarities with other cases where this technique has been used. Of course, we have to stand our ground - we have a system of rule of law that works. And we take rape accusations very seriously - there are special interests trying to disparage how we have developed and how we stand by the good </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Sexual-Offences.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>legislation</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b> [that is relevant] in this [Assange] case.</b></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>- Swedish transcript is at the bottom of the page. See </b></span><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/US-Extradition.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>US Extradition</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b> for analysis of the Swedish Prime Minister’s statements in the context of other recent </b></span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.svd.se/nyheter/inrikes/assange-sverige-har-inte-motsatt-sig-usa_6715051.svd" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>statements to the press by Sweden’s Prosecutor General</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>.</b></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Despite this clearly impinging on Julian Assange’s due process rights the prosecutor (Marianne Ny), the Prime Minister (Fredrik Reinfeldt) and the politician-lawyer who represents the women (Claes Borgstrom) have attacked Julian Assange in the media over the past 15 months. Basic inalienable rights to due process, enshrined in the European Convention of Human Rights and the EU Charter, are not being respected when the chief of the Swedish executive and other members of the executive publicly commenting on the Assange matter.</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" name="SEE"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></a></div><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" name="SEE"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b></b></span>
</span></a><h3 class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: xx-large;">Previous Statements by Representatives of the Swedish Executive</span></h3>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Both Fredrik Reinfeldt, Swedish Prime Minister, and Anders Perklev, prosecutor general, have directly prejudiced Julian Assange’s extradition hearing in the UK by making negative and misleading public statements about Assange and his legal team, further contributing to the toxic environment in Sweden. Reinfeldt’s statements came hours after Julian Assange’s lawyers </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-61lZoTCoiU&eurl=http%3A%2F%2Fprofessorsblogg.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F02%2F09%2Fstrongest-appeal-to-swedish-prosecutor-hamlet-without-princess%2F&feature=player_embedded#t=138" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">publicly challenged the Swedish prosecutor to be cross-examined in the English Courts</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">, on the second day of the hearing on 8 February 2011.</span></span></li>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Swedish prime minister’s comments were extraordinary and exceptional. In this country, the matter would have been dropped as a result. In any decent country, the rule of law is separated from the political process. In Sweden, it appears not. - </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/WikiLeaks/8318793/Julian-Assange-perceived-as-an-enemy-of-the-people-in-Sweden-court-told.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Mark Stevens</span></a></span></li>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">In a parliamentary address, the prime minister said that </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/WikiLeaks/8318793/Julian-Assange-perceived-as-an-enemy-of-the-people-in-Sweden-court-told.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">"we do not accept sexual abuse or rape"</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> and said that Assange and his lawyers had little regard for women’s rights.</span></span></li>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Reinfeldt incorrectly stated </span><a class="spip_out" href="https://sverigesradio.se/api/radio/radio.aspx?type=db&id=2894214&codingformat=.m4a&metafile=asx" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">to national Swedish radio</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> that Assange had been charged for rape in Sweden. He also stated ’we do not accept rape [in Sweden]’. His statement was quickly ’corrected’ through redactions, so the original quote is difficult to find on the internet. This page has a </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://ccwlja.wordpress.com/2011/05/16/reinfeldts-statement-published-redacted-and-then-unredacted-why/" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">screenshot of the original publication with the ’indictment’ claim</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></span></li>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Despite the outcry by Assange’s lawyers over Reinfeldt’s comments and the district judge’s own admission that it was inappropriate of the Prime Minister to comment on the case, Reinfeldt spoke publicly about the case again, this time to the press (</span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.abendblatt.de/politik/article1801188/Schwedens-Regierungschef-Staerker-auf-Kernkraft-setzen.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Hamburger Abendblatt</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">) on 2 March 2011.</span></span></li>
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<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Prime Minister Reinfeldt’s public statements on the case not only impact the </span><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Media-climate-in-Sweden.html">Media climate in Sweden</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> but are contrary to the Swedish Constitution (Chapter 12, paragraph 2). The columnist and writer Jan Myrdal called for the Prime Minister’s unlawful intervention to be </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.janmyrdalsallskapet.se/vad-goer-myrdal/item/82-vill-nagon-ta-upp-assange-i-konstitutionsutskottet?.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">raised at the Constitutional Committee</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></span></li>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Sweden’s prosecutor general, Anders Perklev, </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://rixstep.com/1/20100917,00.shtml" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">spoke to the Swedish press</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> about the case, revealing he had instructed the investigation </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.expressen.se/nyheter/1.2120489/darfor-drojer-julian-assange-utredningen" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">from the 21st of August onwards</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Anders Hellner, a senior policy advisor at the Swedish Foreign Policy Institute, stated in an interview for Swedish Television’s news Rapport (</span><a class="spip_out" href="http://svt.se/2.22620/1.2110502/utskriftsvanligt_format" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">18 August 2010</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">): </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;">"The situation is escalating because an official Swedish party which is represented at the European Parliament [the Pirate Party, which had announced that it would host WikiLeaks servers] is taking on what the United States views as a very controversial role. The Americans are looking to stop this somehow, and it might come to a point where there will be an outright disagreement, and in the worse case that will dampen relations [between the US and Sweden] in general."</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<b><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Swedish speakers can listen to the Prime Minister’s answers in the radio call-in program:</span></b></div></b><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="http://sverigesradio.se/topsy/ljudfil/3731537.m4a">Lyssna: Kommentarer
kring det påstått extra generösa utlämningsavtalet med
USA?</a></object></object></span></div>
<h3 class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></h3>
<h3 class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Political Dimension</span></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">It is well-established in extradition cases that it is very difficult for an
individual to prove that a state is requesting extradition for political
purposes.</div></span>
</b></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="grid_12" id="main" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: times;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/nuYLHCvM-7s" width="425"></iframe></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><b style="font-size: x-large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Interview with Paul Craig Roberts, columnist and former Reagan administration
official</b></span></i></div>
</b></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">In the current EAW system, the courts have very limited scope to take into
account the risks that an extradition request may be serving political interests
rather than being in the interests of justice, especially with negotiations
being underway through unofficial channels.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">Assange
arrived in Sweden in August 2010, less than a month after WikiLeaks had leaked
the Afghanistan War Logs and a month before the Swedish general elections.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">WikiLeaks
had announced that it had more leaks of a similar scale in the pipeline.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">Sweden
issued an <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Timing-EAW-INTERPOL-Red-Notice.html" rel="external">INTERPOL Red Notice on 20 November</a> for Julian Assange. It was authorized on 30 November.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">The
Guardian, the New York Times, Der Spiegel, El País, Le Monde, and WikiLeaks began
publishing diplomatic cables on 28 November 2010.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">Two days
later, Republicans in the US made a <a class="spip_out" href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-20024169-38.html" rel="external">concerted
call</a> to the Obama administration to act as if it were at war against
’WikiLeaks terrorists’ (30 November), and called for Julian Assange and
WikiLeaks staff to be <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedenversusassange.com/Timing-EAW-INTERPOL-Red-Notice.html" rel="external">assassinated, kidnapped, or harmed</a>.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">Sweden
issued an EAW on 26 November 2010, two days before WikiLeaks started publishing the US diplomatic cables (28 November). Under normal circumstances, the EAW would lead to the surrender of the ’accused’ within ten days of the executing state’s consent. This EAW was invalidated and was then re-issued on 2 December 2010.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">Pressure
was mounting back in the US to ’kill Assange’. The period of the most heated vitriol on US and Canadian television coincided with the issuing of both EAWs,
the INTERPOL Red Notice, and the release of the US diplomatic cables (see <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Timing-EAW-INTERPOL-Red-Notice.html">Timing: EAW &
INTERPOL Red Notice </a>).</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">Pressure
by the Obama administration on Visa, PayPal and MasterCard led to an unlawful <a class="spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.org/Banking-Blockade.html" rel="external">banking blockade on WikiLeaks</a>, blocking the organization from
receiving donations, which led to a 95% reduction in revenue for the
organization.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">2010: US Surveillance in Sweden</span></b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<b><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">'The Ultimate Treason’ - <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.svd.se/nyheter/inrikes/rattsexpert-det-ultimata-forraderiet_5633391.svd" rel="external">Swedish</a> - Dennis Töllborg</span></b></div></b><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2080135482611963033" name="USSE"></a></span>
</span><h3 class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">US-Sweden relations - in their own words</span></span></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">The diplomatic cables from the US embassy in Sweden released by WikiLeaks
describe relations between the two countries:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><img alt="-" class="puce" height="11" src="http://justice4assange.com/squelettes/puce.gif" width="8" /> "Both
Bildt and Reinfeldt have strong interests in working closely with us...
Bilateral relations are very close and collaborative, and you will find good
partners in FM Carl Bildt and his team" (<a class="spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/04/09STOCKHOLM266.html" rel="external">09STOCKHOLM266</a> and <a class="spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/06/09STOCKHOLM384.html" rel="external">09STOCKHOLM384</a>)</span></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"> "Karl Rove is an adviser to the Swedish Prime Minister. Rove had a notorious
public history as a ruthless senior White House official. For example, he was
allegedly implicated in the Bush White House’s career destruction of ’outed’ CIA
agent Valerie Plame and her diplomat husband Joe Wilson" - <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.eurekastreet.com.au/article.aspx?aeid=29449" rel="external">Tony
Kevin, retired Australian diplomat</a></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div id="content-outer">
<div class="container_16" id="content-wrapper-2col">
<div class="grid_12" id="main"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="spip_document_22 spip_documents spip_documents_center" style="font-family: times;"><div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" height="552" src="http://justice4assange.com/IMG/jpg/500px-Carl_Bildt_and_Hillary_Clinton_Sept_2009.jpg" width="500" /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">"For many
European observers, [Bildt] is seen as too close to the British and the
Americans to get full French or German backing to replace Solana in the High
Representative role." ([<a class="spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/04/09STOCKHOLM266.html" rel="external">09STOCKHOLM266</a>)</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">"The
Ambassador has cultivated a close working relationship with [Defence Minister]
Tolgfors... Tolgfors went to high school in the U.S. and told the Ambassador he
loves the U.S." (<a class="spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/04/09STOCKHOLM272" rel="external">09STOCKHOLM272</a>)</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">Some of
the cables released by WikiLeaks also reveal those secret arrangements between
the US and Sweden are entered to bypass democratic processes. Sweden secretly
agreed to allow the US to access large amounts of data on Swedish citizens
because doing so formally would involve the constitutional requirement of
parliamentary scrutiny. The Ministry of Justice considered that the ’public spotlight would place other existing informal information sharing arrangements
at jeopardy’ (08STOCKHOLM748-><a class="spip_url spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.org/cable/2008/11/08STOCKHOLM748" rel="nofollow external">http://wikileaks.org/cable/2008/11/...</a>]); would open
the government to domestic criticism; and would reveal "the extent of this
cooperation [which] is not widely known within the Swedish government"
(07STOCKHOLM506-><a class="spip_url spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.org/cable/2007/05/07STOCKHOLM506.html" rel="nofollow external">http://wikileaks.org/cable/2007/05/...</a>).</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">A top
Swedish prosecutor, Tomas Lindstrand, launched a probe in December 2010 into the activities of the US embassy’s Surveillance Detection Unit (SDU) to determine if it was illegal (<a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedishwire.com/politics/7157-swedish-prosecutor-opens-probe-into-us-embassy-spying-" rel="external">English</a> and <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.playrapport.svt.se/2.58360/1.2227595/utskriftsvanligt_format?printerfriendly=true" rel="external">Swedish</a>). The probe was announced two days after Justice
Minister Beatrice Ask declared that the US embassy in Stockholm had secretly spied on Swedish residents in the capital since 2000. The probe <a class="spip_out" href="http://mobil.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article12831495.ab" rel="external">was canceled</a> by the Constitutional Committee in April 2011.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">Sweden
also passed a controversial surveillance law (<i>FRA-Lagen</i>) after intense lobbying from the US. The law met strong opposition domestically. It allowed
Sweden to give unfiltered data of ordinary citizens to the US, and perhaps to other countries. Member of parliament Camilla Lindberg resigned in protest. <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.aftonbladet.se/debatt/debattamnen/brottochstraff/article12697234.ab" rel="external">In her opinion piece</a>, she wrote that the government used lies,
pleadings, and harassment to get parliamentary approval: "by selling out its own people, the government has sought to curry the favor of the United States...
Little by little, we <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.nnn.se/nordic/assange.pdf" rel="external">continue to dismantle
democracy</a>."</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">Another
embassy cable (<a class="spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/03/09STOCKHOLM141.html" rel="external">09STOCKHOLM141</a>) revealed a six-step action plan by the US for
Sweden to enact data retention legislation (IPRED) and copyright infringement laws. See this news item about the cable with <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmTYk6hbYaw" rel="external">English subtitles</a>. IPRED is the driving force behind "step two of the data retention" (polismetodutredningen, PMU), which is currently under discussion.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">The US has
also lobbied for <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.nnn.se/nordic/assange.pdf" rel="external">greater internet restrictions</a>. On 29 April Foreign Minister
Carl Bildt tweeted that Sweden had entered an <a class="spip_out" href="http://twitter.com/#%21/carlbildt/statuses/64001644018417665" rel="external">alliance on internet freedom</a>, after meeting with Hillary
Clinton in Washington.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">Carl
Bildt, the current Foreign Minister, was the co-chair of the European Branch of the Committee for the Liberation of Iraq. The lobby group had close ties to the
White House. The head of the committee credited Bildt: it "played a decisive role in building a coalition against Saddam Hussein... Someone of Carl’s stature, with his background - and from Sweden to boot - was of course very important. Thanks to his personal network and his endorsement, we were able to
recruit several other [collaborators]."</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span>
</span><div class="ps"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Further reading on politics of the Assange case:</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<ul class="spip">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>Gender politics and the Assange case: <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Gender-Politics.html">Gender Politics</a>.</b></span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="spip">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>Lay Judges: Party politics and the court <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Lay-Judges.html">Lay Judges</a></b></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<b><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Additional <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Resources.html">Resources</a></span></b></div></b><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.eurekastreet.com.au/article.aspx?aeid=29449" rel="external"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>Julian Assange’s clear and present danger, Tony Kevin, 14 December
2011</b></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://rt.com/news/assange-sweden-us-extradition/" rel="external"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>RT reports on Sweden’s ties with the US</b></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ex-editor of the Wall Street Journal on <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.opednews.com/articles/A-Story--The-Last-Whistle-by-paul-craig-roberts-110830-365.html" rel="external">Assange’s likelihood to be extradited from Sweden</a></b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Justice Integrity Project, <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.justice-integrity.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=268:rights-activist-attacks-ethics-of-swedish-courts-media&catid=44&Itemid=28" rel="external">Rights Activist Challenges Ethics of Swedish Courts</a>, Media,
Andrew Kreig, March 6, 2011</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Justice Integrity Project, <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.justice-integrity.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=380:swedish-national-television-slammed-for-anti-assange-documentary&catid=44&Itemid=28" rel="external">Critic Slams Swedish Media for Anti-Assange Bias</a>, Andrew Kreig,
April 18, 2011</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Connecticut Watchdog, <a class="spip_out" href="http://ctwatchdog.com/2011/02/16/spy-vs-spy-as-hackers-square-off-over-dc-dirty-tricks" rel="external">Spy vs. Spy As Hackers Square Off Over DC Dirty Tricks</a>, also
published in the <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/andrew-kreig/spy-vs-spy-as-hackers-squ_b_823970.html" rel="external">Huffington Post</a> Andrew Kreig, Feb. 16, 2011</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Justice Integrity Project, <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.justice-integrity.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=260:roves-swedish-connections-the-controversy-a-the-facts&catid=44&Itemid=28" rel="external">Rove’s Swedish Connections: The Controversy And The Facts</a>,
Andrew Kreig, Feb. 14, 2011.</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Professors Blogg (Sweden), <a class="spip_out" href="http://ferrada-noli.blogspot.com/2011/02/rove-suspected-in-swedish-us-political.html%20http://snipurl.com/21l61q" rel="external">Karl Rove’s Swedish Connections: The Controversy And The Facts</a>,
Andrew Kreig (Blog edited by Prof. Marcello Ferrada de Noli), Feb. 13, 2011.</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Justice Integrity Project, <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.justice-integrity.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=259:plot-to-defame-bloggers-civil-rights-activitists-exposed&catid=44&Itemid=28" rel="external">Plot Against Bloggers, Rights Activists Exposed, Andrew Kreig</a>,
Feb. 11, 2011.</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Makthavare (Sweden, Those in Power), <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.makthavare.se/2011/02/11/naomi-wolfe-karl-rove-arbetar-at-moderaterna/" rel="external">Naomi Wolf: Karl Rove works for the Conservatives</a>, Andreas
Hendriksson, Feb. 11, 2011. (Google Translation).</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Professors Blogg, <a class="spip_out" href="http://ferrada-noli.blogspot.com/2011/02/karl-rove-sweden-and-eight-major.html" rel="external">Karl Rove, Sweden and the Eight Major Aberrations in the Police Sex
Crime Reporting Process in the Assange Case</a>, Naomi Wolf, Feb. 9, 2011</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Justice Integrity Project, <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.justice-integrity.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=258:critics-probe-wikileaks-cia-tie-arab-uprisings-to-food-security&catid=44&Itemid=28%20http://snipurl.com/20kp17" rel="external">Critics Probe WikiLeaks, CIA; Tie Uprisings To Food, Security</a>,
Andrew Kreig, Feb. 9, 2011.</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Swedish Wire, <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedishwire.com/opinion/8165-karl-rove-key-player-in-swedish-wikileaks-probe" rel="external">Karl Rove key player in Swedish WikiLeaks probe</a>, Andrew Kreig,
Jan. 24, 2011.</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Swedish Wire, <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.swedishwire.com/opinion/8159-partner-at-swedish-law-firm-counseling-assanges-accusers-helped-in-cia-torture-rendition" rel="external">Partner at Swedish law firm counseling WikiLeaks boss’ accusers
helped in CIA torture rendition</a>, Andrew Kreig, Jan. 20, 2011.</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Huffington Post <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/andrew-kreig/rove-suspected-in-swedish_b_798737.html" rel="external">Rove Suspected In Swedish-U.S. Political Prosecution of
WikiLeaks</a>, Andrew Kreig, Dec. 19, 2010.</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>OpEd News <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.opednews.com/articles/How-Much-Did-Lawyer-for-Wi-by-Andrew-Kreig-110112-31.html" rel="external">Partner at Firm Counseling Assange’s Accusers Helped the CIA In
Rendition for Torture</a>, Andrew Kreig, Jan. 12, 2011</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Justice Integrity Project, <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.justice-integrity.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=237:professor-links-rove-to-swedish-politics-&catid=44&Itemid=28%20http://snipurl.com/1v4fce" rel="external">PM’s Biographer Sees Rove Influence in Swedish Politics, Andrew
Kreig</a>, Jan. 17, 2011</b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.stoppanato.se/utred/steps/allsteps.pdf" rel="external"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>From Neutrality to NATO</b></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.nnn.se/nordic/assange.pdf" rel="external">Al
Burke - Sweden, Assange, and the United States</a></b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Anonymous Operation Want’s Blog - <a class="spip_out" href="http://open.salon.com/blog/anonymous_operation_want/2011/01/13/swedens_big_trade_deal_for_assange_who_profits_most" rel="external">Sweden’s Big Trade Deal for Assange: Who profits the most?</a></b></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b><a class="spip_out" href="http://crowdleaks.org/stockholm-cables-the-end-of-neutrality/" rel="external">Crowdleaks - The Stockholm Cables: the end of neutrality</a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Other related sections:</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/US-Extradition.html"><span style="font-family: times;">US Extradition</span></a></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Timing-EAW-INTERPOL-Red-Notice.html"><span style="font-family: times;">Timing: EAW &
INTERPOL Red Notice</span></a></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">Transcript from Swedish call-in radio program with Swedish Prime
Minister, 25 January 2012: <a class="spip_url spip_out" href="http://sverigesradio.se/topsy/ljudfil/3731537.m4a" rel="nofollow external">http://sverigesradio.se/topsy/ljudf...</a></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">AH: ... med oss Carina Rydberg Stockholm hallå!</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">CR: Hallå hallå!</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">AH: Det är författaren Carina Rydberg tror jag?</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">CR: Det är det. Det är den som du pratar med. Och vi håller oss
internationellt här! Det har börjat bra. För jag tänkte fråga statsministern:
Julian Assange har du hört talats om.</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">FR: Jo.</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">CR: Han kommer nu inom några dagar, det kommer att prövas igen i brittiska
högsta domstolen, huruvida han ska överlämnas till Sverige eller inte på grund
av anklagelser om sexbrott. Och då sägs det i internationella media, vitt och
brett, senaste i Rolling Stone i USA men tidigare i franska le Monde, att om
Julian Assange överlämnas till Sverige så kommer han omedelbart och utan någon
som helst rättslig prövning att utlämnas till USA om landet så önskar på grund
av något slags extra-generöst utlämningsavtal...</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">MC: Vad var din fråga Carina Rydberg?</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">CR: Min fråga är vad har statsministern för kommentar till denna, till dessa
uppgifterna som florerar här?</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">FR: Jo hej Carina. Den som har följt frågan vet att det är utomordentligt
känsligt för mig att uttala mig kring detta i enskilt fall, dessutom används ju
internationellt media, vilket du också påpekar, någon sorts synsätt att man
försöka hävda att det svenska rättssystemet är sammanblandat med politiska
beslutsfattare. Och då har jag varit med om att tydliggöra att så är det inte.
Utan utlämningsärenden bygger på rättssystem som talar med varandra utifrån
särskilda regler, och det skulle i så fall vara tillämpbart också i det här
fallet och det ska jag inte försöka bedöma eller spekulera kring hur det kan
falla ut.</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">CR: Men vad du menar då är alltså att om USA begär Assange utelämnad så
kommer det att gå via det svenska rättssystemet, exempelvis HD, eh men inte, det
kommer inte att gå som med de där två egyptierna för några år sen. För det är
det man vill hävda. Det finns inget regerande rättssystem i det här landet. Vi
framstår i internationella ögon som nån sorts, alltså eh, Skandinaviens svar på
Nordkorea i USA-vänlig tappning. Det tycker jag är upprörande!</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">FR: Eh jo. Jag vill också påpeka det är delvis också grundat i att man har
försökt misstänkliggöra hur den svenska våldtäktslagstiftningen ser ut. Så
att... det finns absolut diskussioner där vid Sverige rättsligt möjligen kan
liksom skilja från andra, och man försöka använda det som grund för att
misstänkliggöra Sverige. Vi står ju för att vi har en fungerande rättsstat där
vi god ordning kring hur sådana här utlämningsärenden ska hanteras. Jag tycker
detta fall kring Egypten i så fall är snarare speciellt i sin karaktär och det
har också omdiskuterats vid många tillfällen eh Sveriges roll kring detta och
också varit kritik mot det. Men i det här fallet återigen det är rättssystem som
talar med varandra, det är regelsystem som finns och som måste efterlevas, och
det ska inte politiska beslutsfattare uttrycka sig kring eller försöka spekulera
hur det kan sköta sig.</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">AH: Är det ett problem för dig - ett ögonblick Carina Rydberg - är det ett
problem för dig Fredrik Reinfeldt eller för Sverige att det förekommer den här
typen av beskrivningar av Sverige som en juridisk bananrepublik i internationell
press?</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">FR: Nja. Det är ju väldigt ofta en metod man använder, att försöka
misstänkliggöra ett land eller ett helt rättssystem när man har, så att säga,
står anklagad för ett brott i ett annat land. Det finns tyvärr likheter också
vid andra tillfällen då den här tekniken har använts. Vi måste naturligtvis stå
upp för att vi har en fungerande rättsstat och också vi tar mycket allvarligt på
anklagelser som handlar om våldtäkt för det finns också inslag av att försöka
förminska hur vi har utvecklats och står för en bra svensk lagstiftning i det
här fallet.</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><div style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700; text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b>470 days under house arrest. </b></span></div>
<div class="counters"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">Supreme Court hearing:</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>1st and 2nd February 2012</b></div></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>On 20/3/2012</b></div><b><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>00:59 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/wikileaks">@wikileaks</a>: Worldwide rallies
scheduled for Assange Supreme Court verdict | WLC <a href="http://t.co/h6J9y7lv">http://t.co/h6J9y7lv</a> <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#fowl">#fowl</a></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>00:57 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/wikileaks">@wikileaks</a>: Survey: The majority of
Australians--across all parties--approve of WikiLeaks releasing US cables (pdf)
<a href="http://t.co/fXaR4Oi7">http://t.co/fXaR4Oi7</a> ...</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>00:35 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/mrkoot">@mrkoot</a>: "Cybersecurity" Bill Is Broad
Enough to Use Against WikiLeaks and The Pirate Bay (Mar 8, <a href="http://www.twitter.com/EFF%29">@EFF)</a> <a href="https://t.co/pg1i2rOX">https://t.co/pg1i2rOX</a></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>00:33 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/m_cetera">@m_cetera</a>: 61% of people say they would vote for Julian <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#Assange">#Assange</a> if he stood for Senate in their state. <a href="http://t.co/EVP4naW4">http://t.co/EVP4naW4</a> <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#Assange">#Assange</a> ...</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>00:13 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/wl_central">@wl_central</a>: 2011-03-16 Full
Transcript <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#Manning">#Manning</a> Motion
Hearing Fort Meade, MD March 16, 2012 Day Two <a href="http://t.co/F9qw0K0i">http://t.co/F9qw0K0i</a></b></div></b></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">On 19/3/2012</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>23:57 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/Asher_Wolf">@Asher_Wolf</a>: Lobbyists ECM claim <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#Assange">#Assange</a> is facing "criminal charges in Sweden" - this is incorrect. <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#Assange">#Assange</a> was not charged. HTTP:
...</b></div><b><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>23:52 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/ScoFoWL">@ScoFoWL</a>: Vote
& Retweet Assange for senate <a href="http://t.co/pbL1CF9B">http://t.co/pbL1CF9B</a></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>23:39 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/wikileaks">@wikileaks</a>: ALERT: Australia: PM
Gillard changes law, making it easy to extradite Assange to the US <a href="http://t.co/NMX12YIG">http://t.co/NMX12YIG</a> <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#auspol">#auspol</a></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>23:36 – Aus gov hacks
its citizens: changes extradition law so that <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#Assange">#Assange</a> may be extradited-no
coverage. <a href="http://t.co/ooSP49aR">http://t.co/ooSP49aR</a> <a href="http://twitter.com/search?q=#wikileaks">#wikileaks</a></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>15:56 – RT <a href="http://www.twitter.com/SaveBradley">@SaveBradley</a>: Charging Bradley
Manning with aiding the enemy "undermines the credibility of the prosecution" -
P.J. Crowley <a href="http://t./">http://t.</a> ...</b></div>
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Silvia Stagghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17500761053983344662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2080135482611963033.post-15956242130519057832012-02-29T16:38:00.001-08:002012-04-04T13:45:50.260-07:00Strafor Emails Released by Wikileaks-Juilan Assange - Click To See Articles/Copy<div class="contentBlock" style="background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-origin: initial; font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; min-width: 240px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-top: 2px; width: 1483px;">
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Revealed: US plans to charge Assange</div>
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Philip Dorling February 29, 2012</div>
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<img alt="WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange speaks to the media outside the High Court in London in this December 5, 2011 file photo. Britain's Supreme Court, the country's highest judicial body, said on December 16, 2011, it had granted permission for Assange to appeal against extradition to Sweden over alleged sex crimes. REUTERS/Suzanne Plunkett (BRITAIN - Tags: POLITICS CRIME LAW MEDIA)" src="http://images.smh.com.au/2012/02/28/3080899/th-1_Wikileaks1-90x60.jpg" style="border-bottom: rgb(0,0,0) 2px solid; border-image: initial; border-left: rgb(0,0,0) 2px solid; border-right: rgb(0,0,0) 2px solid; border-top: rgb(0,0,0) 2px solid; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;" width="200" /></h3>
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<ul>
<li><strong><a href="http://wikileaks.org/the-gifiles.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">See the Stratfor emails</a></strong></li>
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UNITED STATES prosecutors have drawn up secret charges against the WikiLeaks founder, Julian Assange, according to a confidential email obtained from the private US intelligence company Stratfor.</div>
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In an internal email to Stratfor analysts on January 26 last year, the vice-president of intelligence, Fred Burton, responded to a media report concerning US investigations targeting WikiLeaks with the comment: ''We have a sealed indictment on Assange.''</div>
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He underlined the sensitivity of the information - apparently obtained from a US government source - with warnings to ''Pls [please] protect'' and ''Not for pub[lication]''.</div>
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Mr Burton is well known as an expert on security and counterterrorism with close ties to the US intelligence and law enforcement agencies. He is the former deputy chief of the counter-terrorism division of the US State Department's diplomatic security service.</div>
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Stratfor, whose headquarters are in Austin, Texas, provides intelligence and analysis to corporate and government subscribers.</div>
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On Monday, WikiLeaks began releasing more than 5 million Stratfor emails which it said showed ''how a private intelligence agency works, and how they target individuals for their corporate and government clients''.</div>
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The <em>Herald</em> has secured access to the emails through an investigative partnership with WikiLeaks.</div>
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The news that US prosecutors drew up a secret indictment against Mr Assange more than 12 months ago comes as the Australian awaits a British Supreme Court decision on his appeal against extradition to Sweden to be questioned in relation to sexual assault allegations.</div>
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Mr Assange, who has not been charged with any offence in Sweden, fears extradition to Stockholm will open the way for his extradition to the US on possible espionage or conspiracy charges in retaliation for WikiLeaks's publication of thousands of leaked US classified military and diplomatic reports.</div>
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Last week the US Army Private Bradley Manning was committed to face court martial for 22 alleged offences, including ''aiding the enemy'' by leaking classified government documents to WikiLeaks.</div>
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In December the <em>Herald</em> revealed Australian diplomatic cables, declassified under freedom of information, confirmed WikiLeaks was the target of a US Justice Department investigation ''unprecedented both in its scale and nature'' and suggested that media reports that a secret grand jury had been convened in Alexandria, Virginia, were ''likely true''.</div>
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The Australian embassy in Washington reported in December 2010 that the Justice Department was pursuing an ''active and vigorous inquiry into whether Julian Assange can be charged under US law, most likely the 1917 Espionage Act''.</div>
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In recent answers to written parliamentary questions from the Greens senator Scott Ludlam, the former foreign affairs minister Kevin Rudd indicated Australia had sought confirmation that a secret grand jury inquiry directed against Mr Assange was under way.</div>
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Mr Rudd said ''no formal advice'' had been received from US authorities but acknowledged the existence of a ''temporary surrender'' mechanism that could allow Mr Assange to be extradited from Sweden to the US. He added that Swedish officials had said Mr Assange's case would be afforded ''due process''.</div>
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The US government has repeatedly declined to confirm or deny any reported details of the WikiLeaks inquiry, beyond the fact that an investigation is being pursued.</div>
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The Stratfor emails show that the WikiLeaks publication of hundreds of thousands of US diplomatic cables triggered intense discussion within the ''global intelligence'' company.</div>
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In the emails, an Australian Stratfor ''senior watch officer'', Chris Farnham, advocated revoking Mr Assange's Australian citizenship, adding: ''I don't care about the other leaks but the ones he has made that potentially damage Australian interests upset me. If I thought I could switch this dickhead off without getting done I don't think I'd have too much of a problem.''</div>
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But Mr Farnham also referred to a conversation with a close family friend who he said knew one of the Swedish women who had made allegations of sexual assault against Mr Assange, and added: ''There is absolutely nothing behind it other than prosecutors that are looking to make a name for themselves.''</div>
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While some Stratfor analysts decried what they saw as Mr Assange's ''clear anti-Americanism'', others welcomed the leaks and debated WikiLeaks's longer-term impact on secret diplomacy and intelligence.</div>
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<img src="http://m.smh.com.au/action/pingServerAction?par=3080760&v=1330561865499" style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" width="0" />Silvia Stagghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17500761053983344662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2080135482611963033.post-26632463240757097882012-02-28T09:52:00.044-08:002021-02-17T07:49:02.902-08:00Justice For Assange - Extradition Issues To USA<div id="header-image">
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<span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: xx-large; text-align: center;">2020 UPDATE JULIAN ASSANGE EXTRADITION TO THE UNITED STATES </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: xx-large; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Perhaps, Years To Come, History Will Show Julian Assange Targeted For The Wrong Reason, Resulted In Exposing USA-England-Swedish Government's 'Custom Hunts' Upon White European Christian Souls Forcing Them To Perform Criminal Acts To Survive! </span><span style="font-size: large;">- Silvia Stagg</span></div></span></h2><h1 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></h1><h1 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">NEW YORK TIMES</span></b></h1><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Below: NY TIMES STORY LINK </b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/03/world/europe/assange-extradition-explainer.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/03/world/europe/assange-extradition-explainer.html</a></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-bN6GydV4Y64/YCwiV2ZPyeI/AAAAAAAADp4/ZYGSBvLoNusVIdBV_luSrVanGvVdMx9fACNcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="font-family: times; font-size: xxx-large; font-weight: 700; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-bN6GydV4Y64/YCwiV2ZPyeI/AAAAAAAADp4/ZYGSBvLoNusVIdBV_luSrVanGvVdMx9fACNcBGAsYHQ/s16000/image.png" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><span><br /></span></div><h1 class="css-rsa88z e1h9rw200" data-test-id="headline" id="link-561febe8" style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-cheltenham, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; font-size: 2.5rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 3rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px auto 1rem calc((100% - 600px) / 2); max-width: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 660px;"><span style="font-size: 2.5rem; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; text-align: justify;">The Julian Assange Extradition Case: What You Need to Know</span></h1><h1 class="css-rsa88z e1h9rw200" data-test-id="headline" id="link-561febe8" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 3rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px auto 1rem calc((100% - 600px) / 2); max-width: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 660px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: xx-large; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit;">A British judge rejected an American effort to send the WikiLeaks founder to the U.S. to face charges of violating the Espionage Act and hacking government computers.</span></h1>
<h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: xxx-large;">___________________________</span></h3><h1 class="css-rsa88z e1h9rw200" data-test-id="headline" id="link-5d9b1e27" style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-cheltenham, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; font-size: 2.5rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 3rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px auto 1rem calc((100% - 600px) / 2); max-width: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 660px;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></h1><h1 class="css-rsa88z e1h9rw200" data-test-id="headline" id="link-5d9b1e27" style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-cheltenham, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; font-size: 2.5rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 3rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px auto 1rem calc((100% - 600px) / 2); max-width: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 660px;"><span style="color: white;"><span>Biden Justice Dept. Ask British Court to Approve Extradition </span>of Julian Assange</span></h1><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span><div style="text-align: center;"><header class="css-z40kjo euiyums1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 3.75rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="css-1vkm6nb ehdk2mb0" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><p class="css-w6ymp8 e1wiw3jv0" id="article-summary" style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-cheltenham, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; font-stretch: normal; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px auto 1.875rem; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></p><p class="css-w6ymp8 e1wiw3jv0" id="article-summary" style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-cheltenham, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; font-stretch: normal; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px auto 1.875rem; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: normal;">Advocates of press freedoms had urged the new administration to instead drop a Trump-era effort to prosecute the WikiLeaks founder.</span></p><div class="css-1aweabf" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><div class="css-1oommtz" style="border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); 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cursor: pointer; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: top; width: 720px;" /></picture></div><figcaption class="css-17ai7jg e18f7pbr0" style="border: 0px; color: #666666; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; max-width: 900px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0" style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">The case against Julian Assange does not turn on whether he qualifies as a journalist but rather on whether soliciting and publishing classified information can be treated as a crime in the United States.</span><span class="css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90" style="border: 0px; color: #888888; display: inline; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.01em; line-height: 1.125rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0" style="border: 0px; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); font: inherit; height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px;">Credit...</span><span style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">Facundo Arrizabalaga/EPA, via Shutterstock</span></span></span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="css-18e8msd" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px auto 1.5625rem; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><div class="css-pdw9fk epjyd6m0" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><div aria-hidden="true" class="css-1txwxcy ey68jwv0" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px -3px; min-width: 100px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;"><a class="css-uwwqev" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/charlie-savage" style="border: 0px; color: black; font: inherit; height: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 100%;"><img alt="Charlie Savage" class="css-1rjmmt7 ey68jwv2" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/12/multimedia/author-charlie-savage/author-charlie-savage-thumbLarge-v2.png" style="border: none; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: bottom; width: 50px;" title="Charlie Savage" /></a><a class="css-uwwqev" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/elian-peltier" style="border: 0px; color: black; font: inherit; height: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 100%;"><img alt="Elian Peltier" class="css-1rjmmt7 ey68jwv2" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/07/03/reader-center/author-elian-peltier/165383d8b7284129a185b6ca96e2a52e-thumbLarge.png" style="border: none; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: bottom; width: 50px;" title="Elian Peltier" /></a></div><div class="css-1baulvz" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><p class="css-4z5zii e1jsehar1" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-family: nyt-franklin, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="byline-prefix" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">By </span><span class="css-1baulvz" itemprop="name" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="css-hogf08 e1jsehar0" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/charlie-savage" style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">Charlie Savage</a></span> and <span class="css-1baulvz last-byline" itemprop="name" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="css-hogf08 e1jsehar0" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/elian-peltier" style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">Elian Peltier</a></span></p></div></div><ul class="css-1u1psjv epjyd6m3" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: center; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; font: inherit; justify-content: space-between; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><li class="css-ccw2r3 epjyd6m1" style="border: 0px; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 1rem 0px 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><time class="css-ld3wwf e16638kd2" datetime="2021-02-12T13:47:27-05:00" style="border: 0px; display: flex; flex-shrink: 1; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: nyt-franklin, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="css-1sbuyqj e16638kd3" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">Feb. 12, 2021</span></time></li></ul></div></header></div></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;">To Complete Reading See Link Below To Assange Article </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/12/us/politics/julian-assange-extradition.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/12/us/politics/julian-assange-extradition.html</a></span><a class="gtm-tagged" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/12/us/politics/julian-assange-extradition.html?action=click&module=editorContent&pgtype=Article&region=CompanionColumn&contentCollection=Trending#after-pp_edpick" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); color: black; display: inline; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px; line-height: inherit; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: start; text-decoration-line: none; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px;">reading the main stor</a></div></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">_______________________________________________________________________</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: xx-large;">Background Case:</span></b></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: xx-large;"><br /></span></b></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: xx-large;">US EXTRADITION</span></b></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: xx-large;">E</span><span style="font-family: times; font-size: xx-large;">xtradition to the United States</span></b></h3>
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<div class="grid_12"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><b>News: Stratfor emails reveal US secret indictment for Assange</b></span></span></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">29 February 2012: Stratfor e-mails have revealed that a sealed indictment has been issued by a secret grand jury in Alexandria, Virginia, for Julian Assange. The email is </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/375123_fw-ct-assange-manning-link-not-key-to-wikileaks-case-.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">dated 26 January 2011</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">. This means that there has likely been a sealed extradition order for over a year, which will be activated (unsealed) against Assange in Sweden, Australia, and the UK when the US Government gives the order.</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>The US Centre for Constitutional Rights (CCR) has </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://justice4assange.com/ccrjustice.org/newsroom/press-releases/ccr-condemns-reported-sealed-indictment-against-wikileaks-founder-julian-assange"><span>issued a statement</span></a><span> about the reported indictment.</span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">January 2012: In the Houston Law and Media Seminar on WikiLeaks (January 2012) discussing WikiLeaks, </span><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://justice4assange.com/-%3Ehttp://www.douglaslucas.com/blog/2012/03/08/law-and-media-seminar-wikileaks-wltex/">former CIA officer, and federal criminal defense attorney David Adler stated</a>: </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">"One of the major issues surrounding the Assange case is whether “we [the United States] can drag his ass over here." - David Adler, federal criminal defense attorney, and former CIA officer</span></li></ul></div>
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<span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Contents</b></div></span><span style="color: white;">
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<ul class="spip">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://justice4assange.com/US-Extradition.html#NW"><span style="color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;">NEWS</span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://justice4assange.com/US-Extradition.html#ER"><span style="color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;">Extradition Risks</span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://justice4assange.com/US-Extradition.html#TR"><span style="color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;">Temporary Surrender</span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://justice4assange.com/US-Extradition.html#STR"><span style="color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;">Legal Safeguards under Temporary Surrender and Extradition</span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://justice4assange.com/US-Extradition.html#WSJA"><span style="color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;">Will Sweden extradite Julian Assange to the US?</span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://justice4assange.com/US-Extradition.html#WUKJA"><span style="color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;">Wouldn’t the UK be more likely to extradite Assange than Sweden?</span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://justice4assange.com/US-Extradition.html#USSGJ"><span style="color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;">United States: Secret Grand Jury & Bradley Manning Trial</span></a></li>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" name="NW"><span style="color: black; font-family: times;"><br /></span></a></div><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" name="NW"><span style="color: black; font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span>
</span></a><h1 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">News:</span></h1>
<h3 class="spip"><ul class="spip"><li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">See Alexa O’Brien’s excellent Timeline of </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.alexaobrien.com/timeline_us_versus_manning_assange_wikileaks.html#20100822-pentagon-rape-epidemic" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">US v. Manning, Assange, WikiLeaks, and the Press</span></a></span></li>
</ul>
</h3>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: times;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.svd.se/nyheter/inrikes/assange-sverige-har-inte-motsatt-sig-usa_6715051.svd" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Assange: Sweden has not opposed extradition to the US since 2000, SvD, 22 December 2011</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.svd.se%2Fnyheter%2Finrikes%2Fassange-sverige-har-inte-motsatt-sig-usa_6715051.svd" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">English</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">. The article explains that on two occasions Sweden did not extradite as requested because it could not locate the suspects. However, in Assange’s case, he will be put in detention indefinitely upon arrival. Having Assange in custody since 7 December 2010 in the UK (house arrest) and then in Sweden facilitates the extradition procedure once it is put in motion by the United States (although there are suggestions that a sealed indictment has already been issued).</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.eurekastreet.com.au/article.aspx?aeid=29449" rel="external"><span style="color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;">’Julian Assange’s clear and present danger’ by Tony Kevin (retired Australian diplomat), 14 December 2011</span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIbgXX7wcK4&feature=share" rel="external"><span style="color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;">P.J. Crowley, former Assistant Secretary of State addresses Penn State University to speak about WikiLeaks and its impact states that he opposes the prosecution of Julian Assange (7 December 2011)</span></a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Australia: In Parliament (22 November 2011), The Greens’ Senator Ludlum asks why </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://greensmps.org.au/content/question/question-regarding-consular-and-legal-support-extended-julian-assange" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">his question</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> has not yet been answered by the Minister regarding </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://greensmps.org.au/content/speech/return-order-questions-overdue-legal-and-consular-rights-julian-assange" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">whether and how Australia is taking direct action to prevent Julian Assange from being renditioned to the US</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> and ensuring his legal and consular rights.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">The US investigation against WikiLeaks is </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/us-targets-wikileaks-like-no-other-organisation-20111202-1obeo.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">unprecedented both in its scale and nature</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> - Australian Embassy in Washington</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Extradition risks</span></div>
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<blockquote class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><span>The US investigation against WikiLeaks is </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/us-targets-wikileaks-like-no-other-organisation-20111202-1obeo.html" rel="external"><span>unprecedented both in its scale and nature</span></a><span> - Australian Embassy in Washington. </span></span></blockquote><p> </p><blockquote class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Sweden is bound by different extradition agreements. It is not meant to grant onwards extradition to a third country without agreement from the extraditing country. But at the same level of the legal hierarchy, there is a bilateral treaty between the US and Sweden that allows for extradition without consent from the UK or minimum tests. This is the temporary surrender/conditional release regime - automatic extradition on a loan basis. It is highly likely that the United States will soon request Julian Assange’s extradition from Sweden and this mechanism will be used while Julian Assange is in Swedish custody.</span></blockquote><p> </p>
<blockquote class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.cfr.org/media-and-foreign-policy/legal-case-against-wikileaks/p23618" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">The US government is</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> certainly looking at the technical aspects of the two extradition agreements between the UK and Sweden and then considering the political and legal atmosphere in both places. - John B. Bellinger III, former legal adviser to US State Department and National Security Council.</span></span></blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: xx-large;">The reasons for Julian Assange’s challenge to Sweden’s extradition order, relevant to this topic are:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: xx-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">1) Julian Assange has not been charged with any offense.</span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> 2) Sweden has a bilateral agreement with the United States </span><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">which would allow it to surrender Julian Assange without </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: times;">going through the traditional tests and standards of regular, </span><span style="font-family: times;"> lengthy ’extradition’ procedures.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/htL1iis8blw" width="425"></iframe></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">3) There are standard EU mechanisms (such as Mutual Legal Assistance) for Julian Assange to answer any questions the Swedish government may have. It is disproportionate, and abuse, to use extradition proceedings in this manner.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">4) Extradition law requires a "judicial authority" (e.g a judge or other independent body) to issue an extradition warrant, in order to keep the separation between the executive and the judiciary. It is an abuse to permit prosecutors, intelligence agents, or other officials who are not independent to issue proceedings. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">The concern is that the Swedish case is a holding case while the Virginian grand jury comes forward with an indictment to take him to America. - Christine Assange</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Temporary surrender - under the US-Sweden Extradition Treaty</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is not clear how Sweden might respond to any US request for his temporary surrender to the US if American charges were laid against him on arrival in Sweden. The present conservative Swedish Government has a history of acceding to all US rendition requests during the War on Terror. - </span><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.eurekastreet.com.au/article.aspx?aeid=29449" rel="external">Tony Kevin, retired Australian diplomat</a></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Most of the attention regarding Julian Assange’s possible extradition to the US has focused on the EU agreements that are meant to prevent onward extradition - namely that the UK Home Office would have to consent to his onward extradition. Little or no attention has been given in Europe to the temporary surrender (sometimes called ’conditional release’, see the Panama example below) mechanism that Sweden established bilaterally with the United States in their 1984 treaty (</span><a class="spip_out" href="http://internationalextraditionblog.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/us-sweden-extradition-supplementary-treaty-35-ust-2501.pdf" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">TIAS 10812</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">):</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">VI. If the extradition request is granted in the case of a person who is being prosecuted or is serving a sentence in the territory of the requested State for a different offense, the requested State may:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">b) temporarily surrender the person sought to the Requesting State for the purpose of prosecution. The person so surrendered shall be kept in custody while in the requesting State and shall be returned to the Requested State after the conclusion of the proceedings against that person in accordance with conditions to be determined by mutual agreement of the Contracting States.</span></div><span style="font-family: times;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">Temporary surrender has been incorporated into the EU-US Extradition and Mutual Legal Assistance agreements entered into in February 2010. The Council of the EU’s handbook explains temporary surrender in the following manner:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<blockquote class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">[Temporary surrender] facilitates the orderly and efficient prosecution of a person sought in two jurisdictions by allowing the temporary transfer of the person to the Requesting State for prosecution, when that person is subject to proceedings (either prosecution or service of a sentence) in the Requested State. The transfer is subject to conditions agreed to in advance of the transfer. - Council of the European Union - </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.statewatch.org/news/2011/mar/eu-council-eu-usa-mla-handbook-8024-11.pdf" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Handbook on the practical application of the EU-U.S. Mutual Legal Assistance and Extradition Agreements</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> (p. 15)</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">The US has put what appears to be an expedient de facto extradition in place that effectively sidesteps traditional extradition safeguards. The background for this mechanism is to combat serious crimes - typically drug trafficking, terrorism, and so on - and it has implemented such innovative mechanisms with several strong allies.</span></span></div>
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<h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">One of the strategic allies that have implemented these types of mechanisms in the context of drug trafficking, is Panama: a <a class="spip_out" href="http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2008/08/08PANAMA704.html" rel="external">recently released US embassy cable described</a> the "conditional release" regime:</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div></h2>
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<blockquote class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">
use of Conditional Release, under which the GOP [Government of Panama] releases to the US a suspect already under arrest in Panama on other charges. Under this procedure, the suspect is "lent" to the US for prosecution on the condition that they will be returned for prosecution in Panama at the end of their sentence. This procedure is much faster than a formal extradition, and has proven so successful, that <i>DEA sometimes designs operations to bring suspects to Panama so they can be arrested in Panama and turned over to US authorities quickly.</i> - US Embassy Panama Cable, 2008</span></span></blockquote>
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<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"> </span></h2>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">
The Conditional Release mechanism appears indistinguishable from the temporary surrender mechanism, apart from the fact that in a conditional release the suspect will serve his/her sentence in the US before returning to the requested state (in the case above, Panama), while in temporary surrender the US would have to negotiate with Sweden at what point Julian Assange would be returned to the requested state for prosecution/serving a sentence.</span></span></h2>
<h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">A research paper prepared for US Congress in March 2010 by the Congressional Research Service (’Extradition To and From the United States: Overview of the Law and Recent Treaties’) does not mention the Conditional Release mechanism in the <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/98-958.pdf" rel="external">report</a> and it appears that little is known about this preferred method of extradition.</span></span></div></h2>
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<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">US Embassy contacted regarding temporary surrender/conditional release of Julian Assange</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">The US Embassy in London was [contacted by The Guardian newspaper] after readers sought clarification about the temporary surrender/conditional release mechanism, and whether the US will employ it in its request to Sweden. The US embassy declined to give a statement.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">Surprisingly perhaps, the Guardian did not attempt to contact the Swedish Embassy - it is after all Sweden that is bound by the two potentially conflicting extradition regimes (under the Framework Directive and the US Extradition Treaty, respectively) and would be best equipped to address whether it would treat a ’temporary surrender’ as regular extradition (with its safeguards). The <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.statewatch.org/news/2011/mar/eu-council-eu-usa-mla-handbook-8024-11.pdf" rel="external">EU Handbook</a> on the US-EU Extradition Treaty seems to suggest differently: </span></span></div></h2>
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<blockquote class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">The transfer is subject to conditions agreed to in advance of the transfer.</span></i></blockquote>
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<h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">Despite the failure of The Guardian to get to the bottom of this potentially game-changing issue, the readers’ discussion raised some important hypotheticals: For example, the reader Greg Callus suggested "this extradition takes place under a European Arrest Warrant [which] means that (as a matter of EU law) Sweden would be bound by the Article 28.4 rules on seeking permission from the UK (which would be judicially reviewable). If they tried to ignore those obligations, then a preliminary reference to the ECJ (on the super-fast track urgent) route would likely compel them to get the UK’s permission."</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">However, the question remains: if the US uses not traditional extradition but temporary surrender do the presumed safeguards under EU law apply? Is it extradition if the suspect is merely ’on loan’ to the US and not ’extradited’ proper - as the US embassy cable suggests?</span></span></div></h2>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" name="title"></a>
</span></span><h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">Legal Safeguards under Temporary Surrender</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The retired Swedish judge Brita Sundberg-Weitman (who testified at the first extradition hearing in February) wrote to SwedenVersusAssange.com and explained that Sweden’s Act regarding Criminal Extradition (Lag 1957:668 om Utlämning för Brott) requires the Swedish government to apply to the Supreme Court for permission to exercise the "conditional release" mechanism.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Sundberg-Weitman notes, however, that the government could ignore that requirement with little risk to itself; the legal and/or political repercussions, if any, would most likely be negligible. They would, in any event, be too late to be of any use to Julian Assange, who would have already been turned over to the U.S.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Bearing in mind that the Swedish Courts (Stockholm District Court, Svea Court of Appeal) granted the prosecutor’s application to have Julian Assange arrested without seriously considering the principle of proportionality and that the Supreme Court refused to reconsider that decision - it is rather likely that the Supreme Court would approve a request by the government to have Assange extradited to the US.</div></span></h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">Will Sweden extradite Julian Assange to the US?</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">Certainly, Assange’s lawyers would mount a very vigorous opposition [to extradition] in either case [Sweden/UK], <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.cfr.org/media-and-foreign-policy/legal-case-against-wikileaks/p23618" rel="external">in London in particular</a>. Past U.S. extradition requests for criminals from the UK have faced vigorous opposition, and a number of people have successfully resisted that through appeals through the House of Lords and ultimately all the way up to the European Court of Human Rights. We can anticipate lengthy litigation. - John B. Bellinger III</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">
Both the UK and Sweden refuse to guarantee that they will not extradite Julian Assange to the United States. Political and military extraditions are expressly prohibited under the extradition treaty between Sweden and the United States, so this refusal is unusual. Moreover, it is likely that the US will request extradition on charges that are not overtly political (see below).</span></h2>
<h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Shortly after issuing the EAW and Interpol Red Notice to 188 countries, the prosecutor Marianne Ny originally stated that extradition to the United States was ’out of the question’ (05 December 2010) - but her statements were later redacted (see </span><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Prosecution.html" style="font-size: x-large;">Prosecution</a><span style="font-size: x-large;">).</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt has adopted several strategies in order to lessen the pressure on him to provide assurances that Julian Assange will not be extradited to the United States:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><i><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>1. Reinfeldt claims that the decision to extradite Julian Assange is up to the courts, not the executive.</i></div></i><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">This is false. Sweden’s extradition treaty with the United States explicitly prohibits political and military extraditions. The final decision lies in the hands of the executive, who can block extradition if it believes that political/military motivations underlie the extradition order. However, it is difficult to prove the underlying motivations of an extradition order. The US is likely to issue an order under charges that are not overtly political (see below).</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">It is likely that the United States will decide to charge Julian Assange with a number of offenses (whether or not in conjunction with espionage) that are seemingly not political offenses. The US Department of Justice has broadened its attack to include a possible indictment under the federal computer crimes statute, which it would argue was a non-political offense. Sweden is likely to consent to such extradition given its close relationship with the US and the argument that the offenses he is being sought for are not political in nature.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">It is difficult for an individual to prove that the underlying motivations for extradition are political, especially where the requesting state is a close political ally, which is the case of the United States both for Sweden and for the UK. Swedish troops are under NATO-US command in Afghanistan. Sweden was one of the first countries to send fighter jets to Libya at the request of the US and, in June, the Swedish parliament voted to send marines to Libya together with more fighter jets (See <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Political-Interference.html">Political Interference</a>).</li>
</ul>
</span></h2>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><i><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>2. Reinfeldt claims that it is <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.svd.se/nyheter/utrikes/inte-sveriges-beslut-om-utlamning_5793955.svd" rel="external">not up to Sweden, but up to the UK</a>, whether or not Julian Assange is extradited to the United States.</i></div></i>
</span></span><h2>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">Sweden is shifting attention away from the fact that the final decision of whether to extradite Julian Assange to the United States or to block it is an executive decision.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">Under EU law, Sweden should only initiate Julian Assange’s onward extradition if and when the UK gives its agreement, but the UK has little incentive to block an extradition order if Sweden does not take the step to do so first. Moreover, legal commentators in the UK have stated that it is likely that the UK would consent to Julian Assange’s extradition from Sweden (this is likely to raise less criticism and mobilization if Julian Assange is not physically under UK custody).</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Sweden has in the recent past violated international treaties in relation to surrendering foreign nationals into US custody to be interrogated and tortured (case of extraordinary rendition, Agiza v. Sweden at the European Court of Human Rights). Furthermore, Amnesty International and the UN Committee against Torture criticized Sweden because it rendered two refugees to the CIA who were then tortured under the Egyptian regime of Hosni Mubarak. (A documentary with the testimony of tortured refugees who had been granted </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://svt.se/ug/hela_program/20111005190315/egyptenaffaren_brevet_fran_mubarak" rel="external" style="font-size: x-large;">asylum and then rendered to the CIA by Sweden</a><span style="font-size: large;"> was aired on Swedish television on 5 October 2011.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
</h2>
<h2>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">Diplomatic assurances that the person extradited will not be subjected to torture or other inhumane and degrading treatment are not a sufficient guarantee to prevent Julian Assange from suffering such treatment while in US custody, or to realize a fair trial in the United States, given the politicization of the allegations against him.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">The UK and Swedish governments can choose to allege that Julian Assange is not wanted for political offenses, and will not interfere with a judicial decision (despite the fact that this ’judicial decision’ would be taken by the secret grand jury in Virginia where there is no judge or defense counsel).</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Given that Julian Assange is neither a citizen nor a permanent resident in Sweden or the UK, these countries have little incentive to afford him the type of protection they would afford one of their own citizens or permanent residents. Moreover, it is safe to assume that both the UK and Swedish government have come under pressure to comply with the United States’ upcoming request for Julian Assange’s extradition (these pressures by the US government proved effective in the </span><span style="font-size: large;">extra-judicial and arbitrary denial of service by Mastercard, Visa, Paypal, Western Union & Bank of America of WikiLeaks donations).</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
</h2>
<h3 class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large; font-weight: normal;">Wouldn’t the UK be more likely to extradite Assange than Sweden?</span></h3>
<h2>
<blockquote class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">If the Justice Department were actually to issue charges against Mr. Assange while he was still in Britain there could be potentially a decision for the UK government whether to extradite him to Sweden or to the United States, and that could get to be a complicated clash between the two different requests which <a class="spip_out" href="http://www.foxnews.com/world/2010/12/04/legal-process-keeps-assange-free/" rel="external">would put the UK government in a difficult position</a>. - John B. Bellinger III on Fox News</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">Some critical voices claim that the UK-US extradition treaty is more permissive than the Sweden-US extradition treaty. Extradition to the US, they claim, would be simpler from the UK than from Sweden.</div></span></h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">This argument fails on several points:</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<ul><li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">The UK’s extradition treaty does not have the temporary surrender (’conditional release’) clause. The UK’s judicial review process, while far from perfect, has a number of practical review mechanisms. The nearest equivalent case, of Gary McKinnon - a UK citizen who has been charged for hacking US military systems - has been opposed in the courts for 8 years.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">Public opinion and the media (to a greater extent) are more sympathetic to Julian Assange in the UK than in Sweden. Public pressure could draw out the process of extradition to the United States in the UK. In Sweden, the media climate is hostile (see <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Media-climate-in-Sweden.html">Media climate in Sweden</a>) due to the sex allegations. The public outcry would be significantly weaker and therefore less likely to stand in the way of strategically convenient extradition.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">In the UK, Julian Assange is better able to defend himself, muster support and understand the legal procedures against him. In Sweden on the other hand, the language barrier prevents him from effectively challenging the actions against.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">The UK is politically better positioned to withstand pressure from the United States than Sweden. Sweden is a small country of nine million people close to Russia. It has grown increasingly dependent on the United States. In recent years Sweden has complied with directives from the United States in a manner that has not been scrutinized by Parliament, as has been revealed by the disclosed diplomatic cables (see <a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Political-Interference.html">Political Interference</a>).</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">United States: Secret Grand Jury & Bradley Manning Trial</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">The United States is looking to charge Julian Assange under the Espionage Act among other charges:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">A secret grand jury located in Alexandria, Virginia, only six kilometers from central Washington D.C., has been meeting since December 2010. The grand jury decides whether to bring charges against Julian Assange and other people associated with WikiLeaks.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">The grand jury is held in secret, with no judge and no defence counsel. Four prosecutors are imposing subpoenas on individuals who are affiliated with WikiLeaks and on social networking sites including Twitter to disclose information about WikiLeaks’ work. (See <a class="spip_out" href="https://wlgrandjury.wordpress.com/" rel="external">Understanding the Grand Jury</a>)</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<blockquote class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">
"[The charges against Manning are] unnecessary and an overreach... It’s a hard case and an unnecessary case to make. ... It undermines the credibility of the prosecution." <a class="spip_out" href="http://newsandinsight.thomsonreuters.com/Legal/News/2012/03_-_March/U_S__officials_question_if_accused_leaker_helped_Al_Qaeda/" rel="external">P.J. Crowley, 16 March 2012</a></span></span></blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">A respected former chief judge of New York’s highest court, Sol Wachtler, famously coined the expression a grand jury would "indict a ham sandwich", given that prosecutors have complete control over the process.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">The grand jury consists of 16-23 people. Given the high incidence of government employees and public and military contractors living in this geographical area, it is likely that a majority of the components of the grand jury are ideologically opposed to WikiLeaks’ work.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">The grand jury will most likely decide to prosecute, even on weak grounds that would not withstand the minimum threshold under normal criminal processes.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;">It is plausible that the grand jury has already decided to prosecute, and that a sealed indictment has been issued for extradition and will be unsealed when US extradition is convenient.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">United States: What would happen if Julian Assange was extradited?</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">The suspected whistleblower Bradley Manning has been subjected to inhumane and degrading treatment. Julian Assange is likely to face similar treatment or worse: he will not be afforded the same constitutional rights as Bradley Manning because he is a foreign national. Over the past ten years, the United States has developed a doctrine that denies basic rights to foreign political prisoners.</div></span></div>
</h2>
</div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">The 2012 US presidential elections are an opportunity to seize upon for the campaign trail: Julian Assange’s prosecution will probably be used by presidential candidates to show they are strong on "national security". There was immediate pressure on the Obama administration to take an aggressive approach when the stories first broke.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Republican candidates have urged the US Treasury to blacklist WikiLeaks (a move that the Treasury refused to do because there were no lawful grounds to add WikiLeaks to such a list). There were voices within the Department of State that WikiLeaks should be labeled as a terrorist organization. FOX News aired interviews that called for the US to ’illegally assassinate’ or kidnap Assange, and to treat him and WikiLeaks’ associates as ’enemy combatants’. These public pronouncements by US senators and television personalities amount to hate speech and persecution (see </span><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Timing-EAW-INTERPOL-Red-Notice.html"><span style="font-size: large;">Timing: EAW & INTERPOL Red Notice </span></a><span style="font-size: large;">).</span></div></span>
</span><h3 class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span> </span></span></h3>
<h3 class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large; font-weight: normal;">News:</span></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">See Alexa O’Brien’s excellent Timeline of </span><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.alexaobrien.com/timeline_us_versus_manning_assange_wikileaks.html#20100822-pentagon-rape-epidemic" rel="external">US v. Manning, Assange, WikiLeaks, and the Press</a></span></span></div>
<h3 class="spip" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></h3>
<ul class="spip">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.svd.se/nyheter/inrikes/assange-sverige-har-inte-motsatt-sig-usa_6715051.svd" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Assange: Sweden has not opposed extradition to the US since 2000, SvD, 22 December 2011</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.svd.se%2Fnyheter%2Finrikes%2Fassange-sverige-har-inte-motsatt-sig-usa_6715051.svd" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">English</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">. The article explains that on two occasions Sweden did not extradite as requested because it could not locate the suspects. However, in Assange’s case, he will be put in detention indefinitely upon arrival. Having Assange in custody since 7 December 2010 in the UK (house arrest) and then in Sweden facilitates the extradition procedure once it is put in motion by the United States (although there are suggestions that a sealed indictment has already been issued).</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="spip">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.eurekastreet.com.au/article.aspx?aeid=29449" rel="external"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">’Julian Assange’s clear and present danger’ by Tony Kevin (retired Australian diplomat), 14 December 2011</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="spip">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIbgXX7wcK4&feature=share" rel="external"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">P.J. Crowley, former Assistant Secretary of State addresses Penn State University to speak about WikiLeaks and its impact states that he opposes the prosecution of Julian Assange (7 December 2011)</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Australia: In Parliament (22 November 2011), The Greens’ Senator Ludlum asks why </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://greensmps.org.au/content/question/question-regarding-consular-and-legal-support-extended-julian-assange" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">his question</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> has not yet been answered by the Minister regarding </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://greensmps.org.au/content/speech/return-order-questions-overdue-legal-and-consular-rights-julian-assange" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">whether and how Australia is taking direct action to prevent Julian Assange from being renditioned to the US</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> and ensuring his legal and consular rights.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">The US investigation against WikiLeaks is </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/us-targets-wikileaks-like-no-other-organisation-20111202-1obeo.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">unprecedented both in its scale and nature</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> - Australian Embassy in Washington</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Additional </span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Resources.html">Resources</a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="ps">
<ul class="spip">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Website: </span><a class="spip_out" href="https://wlgrandjury.wordpress.com/" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Understanding the Grand Jury</span></a></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.svd.se/nyheter/inrikes/assange-sverige-har-inte-motsatt-sig-usa_6715051.svd" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Assange: Sweden has not opposed extradition to the US since 2000, SvD, 22 December 2011</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.svd.se%2Fnyheter%2Finrikes%2Fassange-sverige-har-inte-motsatt-sig-usa_6715051.svd" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">English</span></a></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.eurekastreet.com.au/article.aspx?aeid=29449" rel="external"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">Julian Assange’s clear and present danger - Tony Kevin, retired Australian diplomat, 14 December 2011</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Australia (22 November 2011): In Parliament, The Greens’ Senator Ludlum asks why </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://greensmps.org.au/content/question/question-regarding-consular-and-legal-support-extended-julian-assange" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">his question</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> has not yet been answered by the Minister regarding </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://greensmps.org.au/content/speech/return-order-questions-overdue-legal-and-consular-rights-julian-assange" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">whether and how Australia is taking direct action to prevent Julian Assange from being renditioned to the US</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> and ensuring his legal and consular rights.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="spip_out" href="http://wlcentral.org/node/2342" rel="external">Rendering Assange: Hillary Clinton’s revenge?</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> Gena Mason, WL Central, 12 November 2011.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Christine Assange </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/assanges-mum-pickets-pms-office-20111104-1n0by.html" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">pickets Prime Minister of Australia Julia Gillard’s office in Canberra (4 November 2011)</span></a></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Gareth Peirce, Julian Assange’s UK solicitor, has corresponded with the Australian Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd. Peirce asked which assurances the Australian government has sought from Sweden, the UK, and the US regarding Mr. Assange’s rights. Peirce’s letter and the response are available in the </span><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Australia.html"><span style="font-size: large;">Australia</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> section.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">John Pilger </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/global-issues/2011/10/pilger-assange-media-guardian" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">"The Smearing of a revolution"</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> in the New Statesman, 6 October 2011.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Gareth Peirce, Julian Assange’s UK solicitor, has corresponded with the Australian Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd. Peirce asked which assurances the Australian government has sought from Sweden, the UK, and the US regarding Mr. Assange’s rights. Peirce’s letter and the response are available in the </span><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Australia.html"><span style="font-size: large;">Australia</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> section.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Council on Foreign Relations, </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.cfr.org/media-and-foreign-policy/legal-case-against-wikileaks/p23618" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">’The Legal Case against</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> WikiLeaks’ - Interview with John Bellinger III </span><span style="font-size: large;">(December 13-2010</span><span style="font-size: large;">)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Christian Science Monitor: WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange: </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Has the US already indicted him?</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Douglas McNabb, US Federal Criminal Lawyer </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://internationalextraditionblog.com/2010/12/08/julian-assange-sweden-and-u-s-extradition-treaty" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">’Julian Assage - Sweden and US Extradition Treaty’</span></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">E.B. Boyd: </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.fastcompany.com/1716100/why-twitter-was-the-only-company-to-challenge-the-secret-wikileaks-subpoena" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">Why Twitter Was the Only Company to Challenge the Secret WikiLeaks Subpoena</span></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">Svenska Dagbladet </span><a class="spip_out" href="http://www.svd.se/nyheter/utrikes/inte-sveriges-beslut-om-utlamning_5793955.svd" rel="external"><span style="font-size: large;">The decision to extradite is not up to Sweden</span></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-large;"><span style="font-family: times;">Related Articles</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/The-European-Arrest-Warrant.html"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">The European Arrest Warrant</span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/The-EAW.html"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">The European Arrest Warrant</span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Timing-EAW-INTERPOL-Red-Notice.html"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">Timing: EAW & INTERPOL Red Notice</span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Political-Interference.html"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">Political Interference</span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Fair-Trial-for-Julian-Assange.html"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">Fair Trial for Julian Assange?</span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Rule-of-Law.html"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">Rule of Law</span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a class="spip_in" href="http://justice4assange.com/Australia.html"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">Australia</span></a></div>
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